School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia.
Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 30;19(7):4096. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19074096.
Children aged 2-11 years spend significant hours per week in early childhood education and care (ECEC) and primary schools. Whilst considered important environments to influence children's food intake, there is heterogeneity in the tools utilised to assess food provision in these settings. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate tools used to measure food provision in ECEC and primary schools.
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) was followed. Publications (2003-2020) that implemented, validated, or developed measurement tools to assess food provision within ECEC or primary schools were included. Two reviewers extracted and evaluated studies, cross checked by a third reviewer and verified by all authors. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist (QCC) was used to critically appraise each study.
Eighty-two studies were included in the review. Seven measurement tools were identified, namely, Menu review; Observation; Weighed food protocol; Questionnaire/survey; Digital photography; Quick menu audit; and Web-based menu assessment. An evidence-based evaluation was conducted for each tool.
The weighed food protocol was found to be the most popular and accurate measurement tool to assess individual-level intake. Future research is recommended to develop and validate a tool to assess service-level food provision.
2-11 岁的儿童每周在幼儿教育和保育（ECEC）及小学中花费大量时间。尽管这些环境被认为是影响儿童食物摄入的重要环境，但用于评估这些环境中食物供应的工具存在差异。本系统评价旨在确定和评估用于测量 ECEC 和小学食物供应的工具。
本研究遵循了系统评价的首选报告项目（PRISMA）。纳入了实施、验证或开发用于评估 ECEC 或小学内食物供应的测量工具的出版物（2003-2020 年）。两名评审员提取和评估了研究，由第三名评审员交叉核对，并由所有作者验证。使用营养与饮食学会质量标准清单（QCC）对每项研究进行批判性评估。
本研究共纳入 82 项研究。确定了 7 种测量工具，即菜单审查、观察、称重食物协议、问卷/调查、数码摄影、快速菜单审核和基于网络的菜单评估。对每种工具都进行了基于证据的评估。
称重食物协议被认为是评估个体摄入水平最受欢迎和最准确的测量工具。建议开展未来研究，开发和验证一种用于评估服务层面食物供应的工具。
