Dalal Koustuv
Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Medical Technology assessment, Division of Social Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Sweden.
J Inj Violence Res. 2011 Jan;3(1):35-44. doi: 10.5249/jivr.v3i1.76.
The current study compared working and non-working groups of women in relation to intimate partner violence. The paper aims to explore the relationship between women's economic empowerment, their exposures to IPV and their help seeking behavior using a nationally representative sample in India.
This was a cross sectional study of 124,385 ever married women of reproductive age from all 29 member states in India. Chi-square tests were used to examine differences in proportions of dependent variables (exposure to IPV) and independent variables. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the independent contribution of the variables of economic empowerment in predicting exposure to IPV.
Out of 124,385 women, 69432 (56%) were eligible for this study. Among those that were eligible 35% were working. In general, prevalence of IPV (ever) among women in India were: emotional violence 14%, less severe physical violence 31%, severe physical violence 10% and sexual violence 8%. For working women, the IPV prevalence was: emotional violence 18%, less severe physical violence 37%, severe physical violence 14% and sexual violence 10%; whilst for non-working women the rate was 12, 27, 8 and 8 percents, respectively. Working women seek more help from different sources.
Economic empowerment is not the sole protective factor. Economic empowerment, together with higher education and modified cultural norms against women, may protect women from IPV.
本研究比较了有工作和无工作的女性群体在亲密伴侣暴力方面的情况。本文旨在利用印度具有全国代表性的样本，探讨女性经济赋权、遭受亲密伴侣暴力的经历及其求助行为之间的关系。
这是一项对印度所有29个邦的124385名曾婚育龄妇女进行的横断面研究。卡方检验用于检验因变量（遭受亲密伴侣暴力的经历）和自变量比例的差异。多变量逻辑回归用于评估经济赋权变量在预测遭受亲密伴侣暴力方面的独立作用。
在124385名妇女中，69432名（56%）符合本研究条件。在符合条件的妇女中，35%有工作。总体而言，印度女性中曾遭受亲密伴侣暴力的比例为：情感暴力14%，不太严重的身体暴力31%，严重身体暴力10%，性暴力8%。有工作的女性中，亲密伴侣暴力的发生率为：情感暴力18%，不太严重的身体暴力37%，严重身体暴力14%，性暴力10%；而无工作的女性比例分别为12%、27%、8%和8%。有工作的女性从不同来源寻求更多帮助。
经济赋权并非唯一的保护因素。经济赋权，连同高等教育以及针对女性的文化规范的改变，可能会保护女性免受亲密伴侣暴力。
