Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Med Entomol. 2011 Mar;48(2):305-13. doi: 10.1603/me10134.
Mosquito resistance to chemical insecticides is considered a serious threat for the sustainable use of contemporary malaria vector control methods. Fungal entomopathogens show potential as alternative biological control agents against (insecticide-resistant) anophelines. This study was designed to test whether the fungus, Beauveria bassiana, could be delivered to mosquitoes on netting materials that might be used in house screens, such as eave curtains. Tests were conducted to determine effects of formulation, application method, netting material, and nature of mosquito contact. Beauveria had a twice as high impact on Anopheles gambiae s.s. longevity when suspended in Shellsol solvent compared with Ondina oil (HR = 2.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.83-2.60, P < 0.001), and was significantly more infective when applied through spraying than dipping. Polyester and cotton bednets were the most effective substrates for mosquito infections, with highest spore viability on cotton nets. Whereas fungal impact was highest in mosquitoes that had passed through large-meshed impregnated nets, overall efficacy was equal between small- and large-meshed nets, with < or = 30-min spore contact killing >90% of mosquitoes within 10 d. Results indicate that the use of fungal spores dissolved in Shellsol and sprayed on small-meshed cotton eave curtain nets would be the most promising option for field implementation. Biological control with fungus-impregnated eave curtains could provide a means to target host-seeking mosquitoes upon house entry, and has potential for use in integrated vector management strategies, in combination with chemical vector control measures, to supplement malaria control in areas with high levels of insecticide resistance.
蚊虫对化学杀虫剂的抗药性被认为是当代疟疾病媒控制方法可持续使用的严重威胁。真菌性昆虫病原体显示出作为替代生物防治剂（抗杀虫剂）按蚊的潜力。本研究旨在测试真菌球孢白僵菌是否可以在可能用于房屋屏风的网材（如屋檐窗帘）上传递给蚊子。进行了测试以确定配方、施药方法、网材和蚊子接触的性质的影响。与 Ondina 油（HR = 2.12，95%置信区间 = 1.83-2.60，P < 0.001）相比，悬浮在 Shellsol 溶剂中的球孢白僵菌对冈比亚按蚊 s.s. 寿命的影响高出一倍，并且通过喷雾施药比浸渍施药更具感染力。聚酯和棉蚊帐是蚊子感染最有效的基质，棉网上的孢子活力最高。尽管真菌的影响在穿过大网眼浸渍网的蚊子中最高，但小网眼和大网眼之间的整体效果相等，在 10 天内，孢子接触 30 分钟以下即可杀死 >90%的蚊子。结果表明，使用溶解在 Shellsol 中的真菌孢子并喷涂在小网眼棉窗帘网上将是现场实施的最有希望的选择。用真菌浸渍的屋檐窗帘进行生物防治可以为进入房屋的宿主寻找蚊子提供一种方法，并且具有与化学病媒控制措施结合使用的潜力，以补充在高水平抗药性地区的疟疾控制。
