Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK.
Ann Bot. 2011 Jun;107(8):1313-21. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcr083. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
To address the issues associated with food security, environmental change and bioenergy in the context of crop plants, the production, identification and evaluation of novel plant phenotypes is fundamental. One of the major routes to this end will be wide hybridization and introgression breeding. The transfer of chromosomes and chromosome segments between related species (chromosome engineering or alien introgression) also provides an important resource for determining the genetic control of target traits. However, the realization of the full potential of chromosome engineering has previously been hampered by the inability to identify and characterize interspecific introgressions accurately.
Seven monosomic substitution lines have been generated comprising Festuca pratensis as the donor species and Lolium perenne as the recipient. Each of the seven lines has a different L. perenne chromosome replaced by the homoeologous F. pratensis chromosome (13 L. perenne + 1 F. pratensis chromosome). Molecular markers and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) were used to assign the F. pratensis chromosomes introgressed in each of the monosomic substitutions to a specific linkage group. Cytological observations were also carried out on metaphase I of meiosis in each of the substitution lines.
A significant level of synteny was found at the macro-level between L. perenne and F. pratensis. The observations at metaphase I revealed the presence of a low level of interspecific chromosomal translocations between these species.
The isolation of the seven monosomic substitution lines provides a resource for dissecting the genetic control of important traits and for gene isolation. Parallels between the L. perenne/F. pratensis system and the Pooideae cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats and the model grass Brachypodium distachyon present opportunities for a comparison across the species in terms of genotype and phenotype.
为了解决与作物相关的粮食安全、环境变化和生物能源问题，生产、鉴定和评估新型植物表型是基础。实现这一目标的主要途径之一将是广泛的杂交和导入杂交育种。在相关物种之间转移染色体和染色体片段（染色体工程或外源导入）也为确定目标性状的遗传控制提供了重要资源。然而，以前无法准确识别和描述种间导入，这一直阻碍了染色体工程的充分发挥。
生成了 7 个单体替换系，供体物种为黑麦草，受体物种为黑麦草。这 7 条线中的每一条都有一条不同的黑麦草染色体被同源的黑麦草染色体所取代（13 条黑麦草+1 条黑麦草染色体）。利用分子标记和基因组原位杂交（GISH）将每个单体替换中的黑麦草染色体导入的同源黑麦草染色体分配到特定的连锁群上。还对每个替换系的减数分裂中期 I 的细胞学观察进行了分析。
在黑麦草和黑麦草之间的宏观水平上发现了显著的同线性水平。中期 I 的观察结果显示，这些物种之间存在低水平的种间染色体易位。
7 个单体替换系的分离为剖析重要性状的遗传控制和基因分离提供了资源。黑麦草/黑麦草系统与小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦和模式草雀麦之间的相似性为在种间进行基因型和表型比较提供了机会。
