Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Demography. 2011 May;48(2):625-51. doi: 10.1007/s13524-011-0024-5.
Investigations of socioeconomic status (SES) and health during the transition to adulthood in the United States are complicated by the later and more varied transitions in residence, employment, schooling, and social roles compared with previous generations. Parental SES is an important influence during adolescence but cannot sufficiently capture the SES of the independent young adult. Typical, single SES indicators based on income or education likely misclassify the SES of young adults who have not yet completed their education or other training, or who have entered the labor force early with ultimately lower status attainment. We use a latent class analysis (LCA) framework to characterize five intergenerational SES groups, combining multidimensional SES information from two time points-that is, adolescent (parental) and young adult (self) SES data. Associations of these groups with obesity, a high-risk health outcome in young adults, revealed nuanced relationships not seen using traditional intergenerational SES measures. In males, for example, a middle-class upbringing in adolescence and continued material advantage into adulthood was associated with nearly as high obesity as a working poor upbringing and early, detrimental transitions. This intergenerational typology of early SES exposure facilitates understanding of SES and health during young adulthood.
研究表明，与前几代人相比，美国成年人在向成年期过渡期间的社会经济地位（SES）和健康状况更为复杂，因为他们在居住、就业、教育和社会角色方面的转变更晚且更多样化。父母的 SES 在青少年时期是一个重要的影响因素，但不能充分反映独立成年期的 SES。基于收入或教育的典型单一 SES 指标可能会错误分类那些尚未完成教育或其他培训的年轻人的 SES，或者那些过早进入劳动力市场且最终地位较低的年轻人的 SES。我们使用潜在类别分析（LCA）框架来描述五个代际 SES 群体，结合了两个时间点的多维 SES 信息，即青少年（父母）和年轻成年人（自我）的 SES 数据。这些群体与肥胖的关联揭示了使用传统代际 SES 衡量标准所看不到的细微关系，肥胖是年轻人的一种高风险健康结果。例如，在男性中，青少年时期的中产阶级成长环境和成年后持续的物质优势与工人阶级贫困的成长环境和早期的不利转变一样，与肥胖高度相关。这种早期 SES 暴露的代际类型学有助于理解年轻人在成年期的 SES 和健康状况。
