Asian Seed Health Centre, Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Jun;90(5):1625-39. doi: 10.1007/s00253-011-3209-3. Epub 2011 Apr 15.
Recent developments in genomics have opened up for newer opportunities to study the diversity and classification of fungi. The genus Fusarium contains many plant pathogens that attack diverse agricultural crops. Fusarium spp. are not only pathogenic to plants but are also known as toxin producers that negatively affect animal and human health. The identification of Fusarium species still remains one of the most critical issues in fungal taxonomy, given that the number of species recognized in the genus has been constantly changing in the last century due to the different taxonomic systems. This review focuses of various molecular-based techniques employed to study the diversity of Fusarium species causing diseases in major food crops. An introduction of fusarial diseases and their mycotoxins and molecular-marker-based methods for detection introduce the concept of marker application. Various well-known molecular techniques such as random amplified polymorphic DNA, amplification fragment length polymorphism, etc. to more modern ones such as DNA microarrays, DNA barcoding, and pyrosequencing and their application form the core of the review. Target regions in the genome which can be potential candidates for generation of probes and their use in phylogeny of Fusarium spp. are also presented. The concluding part emphasizes the value of molecular markers for assessing genetic variability and reveals that molecular tools are indispensable for providing information not only of one Fusarium species but on whole fungal community. This will be of extreme value for diagnosticians and researchers concerned with fungal biology, ecology, and genetics.
基因组学的最新发展为研究真菌的多样性和分类开辟了新的机会。镰刀菌属包含许多攻击多种农业作物的植物病原体。镰刀菌不仅对植物具有致病性，而且还被认为是产生毒素的生物，这些毒素会对动物和人类健康产生负面影响。鉴于该属中已识别的物种数量由于不同的分类系统在过去一个世纪中一直在不断变化，因此，镰刀菌物种的鉴定仍然是真菌分类学中最关键的问题之一。 本综述重点介绍了用于研究引起主要粮食作物病害的镰刀菌物种多样性的各种基于分子的技术。镰刀菌病及其真菌毒素的介绍以及基于分子标记的检测方法介绍了标记应用的概念。各种知名的分子技术，如随机扩增多态性 DNA、扩增片段长度多态性等，以及更现代的技术，如 DNA 微阵列、DNA 条形码和焦磷酸测序，以及它们的应用构成了综述的核心。还介绍了基因组中的靶区域，这些区域可能是生成探针的候选区域，并将其用于镰刀菌属的系统发育。结束语强调了分子标记在评估遗传变异性方面的价值，并揭示了分子工具不仅对于评估一种镰刀菌物种，而且对于整个真菌群落的信息都是不可或缺的。这对于关注真菌生物学、生态学和遗传学的诊断学家和研究人员将具有极高的价值。
