Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, MO, USA.
J Urban Health. 2011 Aug;88(4):599-615. doi: 10.1007/s11524-011-9577-2.
The presence of youth physical activity opportunities is one of the strongest environmental correlates of youth physical activity. More detailed information about such opportunities is needed to maximize their contributions to physical activity promotion especially in under resourced, lower income areas. The objectives of this study were to construct a comprehensive profile of youth physical activity opportunities and contrast profile characteristics between lower and higher income neighborhoods. Youth physical activity opportunities in eight lower (median household income <$36,000) and eight higher (>$36,000) income neighborhoods were identified and described using interviews, neighborhood tours, site visits, and systematic searches of various sources (e.g., Internet). Lower income neighborhoods had a greater number of locations offering youth physical activity opportunities but similar quantities of amenities. Lower income neighborhoods had more faith-based locations and court, trail/path, event, and water-type amenities. Higher income neighborhoods had significantly more for-profit businesses offering youth physical activity opportunities. Funding for youth physical activity opportunities in lower income neighborhoods was more likely to come from donations and government revenue (e.g., taxes), whereas the majority of youth physical activity opportunities in the higher income neighborhoods were supported by for-profit business revenue. Differences between lower and higher income neighborhoods in the type and amenities of youth physical activity opportunities may be driven by funding sources. Attention to these differences could help create more effective and efficient strategies for promoting physical activity among youth.
青年体育活动机会的存在是影响青年体育活动的最主要环境因素之一。为了最大限度地发挥这些机会对促进体育活动的作用,尤其是在资源匮乏、收入较低的地区,需要更详细地了解这些机会。本研究的目的是构建一个全面的青年体育活动机会概况,并对比低收入和高收入社区的特征。采用访谈、社区考察、实地考察和各种来源的系统搜索(如互联网),确定并描述了八个低收入(家庭中位数收入<36000 美元)和八个高收入(>36000 美元)社区的青年体育活动机会。低收入社区提供青年体育活动机会的场所数量较多,但设施数量相似。低收入社区的宗教场所和法院、小径/路径、活动和水上设施较多。高收入社区提供青年体育活动机会的营利性企业明显更多。低收入社区青年体育活动机会的资金来源更可能是捐款和政府收入(如税收),而高收入社区的青年体育活动机会则主要由营利性企业的收入支持。低收入和高收入社区在青年体育活动机会的类型和设施方面的差异可能是由资金来源驱动的。关注这些差异可以帮助制定更有效和高效的策略,促进青年的体育活动。