University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 56, Tampa, FL 33612-3805, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2011 Aug;92(8):1923-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.003. Epub 2011 Apr 16.
Environmental equity has been identified as a challenge and goal of national to global air quality management. Here, relationships between traffic-related air pollution measures and the social demographics of elementary schools are investigated. Ogawa passive samplers were used to measure ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) levels near 75 randomly selected elementary schools in the county containing Tampa, FL over one week in March 2008. Concentrations were determined using colorimetric reaction using Hach nitrite reagent and photometric detection at 545 nm. NO(2) levels, two metrics of traffic (highest annual average daily traffic count within 500 m and 1000 m), and school enrollment data by demographic subgroup (racial/ethnic and socioeconomic) were then compared. Data were analyzed for distribution statistics, linear correlations, and differences in subgroup category means. Weighted average values of NO(2) and traffic count were also calculated for each subgroup. All measured NO(2) levels were low, with a mean of 2.7 ppbv and range from 0.8 to 4.7 ppbv. Values were largest at sites near downtown. Results from all analyses show comparatively higher potential exposures to measured NO(2) and traffic count for black school children, and lower values for white and Asian or Pacific Islander school children. The economically disadvantaged and Hispanic subgroups were also associated with higher levels of NO(2) and traffic counts, but the relationship was not as strong or robust. Although measured NO(2) levels were low and the differences between groups are small, results suggest disparities by racial/ethnic and economic status in children's exposures to air pollution for the Tampa area.
环境公平已被确定为国家乃至全球空气质量管理的挑战和目标。本研究调查了与交通相关的空气污染措施与小学社会人口统计学之间的关系。在 2008 年 3 月的一周内，使用 Ogawa 被动采样器在佛罗里达州坦帕市所在的县内随机选择的 75 所小学附近测量环境二氧化氮（NO2）水平。使用比色法反应使用哈希亚硝酸盐试剂和在 545nm 处的光度检测来确定浓度。然后比较 NO2 水平、两个交通指标（500 米和 1000 米范围内的最高年平均日交通量）以及按人口统计学分组（种族/族裔和社会经济）的学校入学数据。对数据进行分布统计、线性相关和亚组类别均值差异分析。还为每个亚组计算了加权平均的 NO2 和交通计数值。所有测量的 NO2 水平均较低，平均值为 2.7ppbv，范围为 0.8 至 4.7ppbv。市中心附近的地点的值最大。所有分析的结果表明，黑人学童接触测量的 NO2 和交通计数的潜在暴露较高，而白人和亚洲或太平洋岛民学童的暴露值较低。经济弱势群体和西班牙裔群体也与更高水平的 NO2 和交通计数相关，但这种关系不那么强烈或稳健。尽管测量的 NO2 水平较低，而且组间差异较小，但结果表明坦帕地区儿童在接触空气污染方面存在种族/族裔和经济地位的差异。
