同伴通过增强大脑奖励回路的活动增加青少年的冒险行为。
Peers increase adolescent risk taking by enhancing activity in the brain's reward circuitry.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
出版信息
Dev Sci. 2011 Mar;14(2):F1-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01035.x.
The presence of peers increases risk taking among adolescents but not adults. We posited that the presence of peers may promote adolescent risk taking by sensitizing brain regions associated with the anticipation of potential rewards. Using fMRI, we measured brain activity in adolescents, young adults, and adults as they made decisions in a simulated driving task. Participants completed one task block while alone, and one block while their performance was observed by peers in an adjacent room. During peer observation blocks, adolescents selectively demonstrated greater activation in reward-related brain regions, including the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex, and activity in these regions predicted subsequent risk taking. Brain areas associated with cognitive control were less strongly recruited by adolescents than adults, but activity in the cognitive control system did not vary with social context. Results suggest that the presence of peers increases adolescent risk taking by heightening sensitivity to the potential reward value of risky decisions.
同伴的存在会增加青少年的冒险行为，但不会增加成年人的冒险行为。我们假设，同伴的存在可能会通过使与预期潜在奖励相关的大脑区域敏感化来促进青少年的冒险行为。我们使用 fMRI 测量了青少年、年轻人和成年人在模拟驾驶任务中做出决策时的大脑活动。参与者在单独完成一个任务块的同时，在另一个房间里由同龄人观察他们的表现来完成一个任务块。在同伴观察块中，青少年在与奖励相关的大脑区域（包括腹侧纹状体和眶额皮层）中选择性地表现出更大的激活，而这些区域的活动预测了随后的冒险行为。与认知控制相关的大脑区域在青少年中比在成年人中招募得更少，但认知控制系统的活动不随社会环境而变化。研究结果表明，同伴的存在通过提高对冒险决策潜在奖励价值的敏感性，增加了青少年的冒险行为。
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