Venkatraman Vinod, Payne John W, Bettman James R, Luce Mary Frances, Huettel Scott A
Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Neuron. 2009 May 28;62(4):593-602. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.04.007.
Adaptive decision making in real-world contexts often relies on strategic simplifications of decision problems. Yet, the neural mechanisms that shape these strategies and their implementation remain largely unknown. Using an economic decision-making task, we dissociate brain regions that predict specific choices from those predicting an individual's preferred strategy. Choices that maximized gains or minimized losses were predicted by functional magnetic resonance imaging activation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex or anterior insula, respectively. However, choices that followed a simplifying strategy (i.e., attending to overall probability of winning) were associated with activation in parietal and lateral prefrontal cortices. Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, through differential functional connectivity with parietal and insular cortex, predicted individual variability in strategic preferences. Finally, we demonstrate that robust decision strategies follow from neural sensitivity to rewards. We conclude that decision making reflects more than compensatory interaction of choice-related regions; in addition, specific brain systems potentiate choices depending on strategies, traits, and context.
现实世界背景下的适应性决策通常依赖于对决策问题的策略性简化。然而，塑造这些策略及其实施过程的神经机制在很大程度上仍然未知。通过一项经济决策任务，我们区分了预测特定选择的脑区和预测个体偏好策略的脑区。腹内侧前额叶皮层或前岛叶的功能磁共振成像激活分别预测了最大化收益或最小化损失的选择。然而，遵循简化策略（即关注获胜的总体概率）的选择与顶叶和外侧前额叶皮层的激活相关。背内侧前额叶皮层通过与顶叶和岛叶皮层的不同功能连接，预测了策略偏好的个体差异。最后，我们证明稳健的决策策略源于对奖励的神经敏感性。我们得出结论，决策不仅仅反映了与选择相关区域的补偿性相互作用；此外，特定的脑系统会根据策略、特质和背景增强选择。
