Maddie's Shelter Medicine Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2011 Jul;66(1):63-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01005.x. Epub 2011 Apr 19.
Free-roaming unowned stray and feral cats exist throughout the world, creating concerns regarding their welfare as well as their impact on the environment and on public health. Millions of healthy cats are culled each year in an attempt to control their numbers. Surgical sterilization followed by return to the environment is an effective non-lethal population control method but is limited in scope because of expense and logistical impediments. Immunocontraception has the potential to be a more practical and cost-effective method of control. This is a review of current research in immunocontraception in domestic cats. Functional characteristics of an ideal immunocontraceptive for community cats would include a wide margin of safety for target animals and the environment, rapid onset and long duration of activity following a single treatment in males and females of all ages, and sex hormone inhibition. In addition, product characteristics should include stability and ease of use under field conditions, efficient manufacturing process, and low cost to the user. Two reproductive antigens, zona pellucida and GnRH, have been identified as possible targets for fertility control in cats. Zona pellucida, which is used successfully in multiple wildlife species, has achieved little success in cats. In contrast, immunization against GnRH has resulted in long-term contraception in both male and female cats following a single dose. GnRH is an ideal contraceptive target because it regulates pituitary and gonadal hormone responses in both males and females, thus suppressing nuisance behaviors associated with sex hormones in addition to preventing pregnancy. The responsiveness of cats to fertility control via GnRH suppression should encourage researchers and cat control stakeholders to continue efforts to optimize vaccines that induce multiyear contraception following a single dose in a high proportion of treated cats.
全世界都存在无人饲养的流浪猫和野猫，这引发了人们对它们的福利以及对环境和公共健康的影响的关注。为了控制猫的数量，每年都有数百万人被扑杀。通过手术绝育后再放回环境中是一种有效的非致命性种群控制方法，但由于费用和后勤障碍，其范围有限。免疫避孕法有可能成为一种更实用、更具成本效益的控制方法。本文综述了目前对家猫免疫避孕的研究。一种理想的针对社区猫的免疫避孕药应具有以下功能特点：对目标动物和环境具有较宽的安全边际；对所有年龄段的雄性和雌性动物，单次治疗后起效迅速，作用持续时间长；抑制性激素。此外，产品特性应包括在野外条件下的稳定性和易用性、高效的制造工艺以及对用户的低成本。两种生殖抗原，透明带和 GnRH，已被确定为猫生育控制的可能靶标。透明带已成功用于多种野生动物，而在猫中却收效甚微。相比之下，针对 GnRH 的免疫接种已导致雄性和雌性猫在单次剂量后长期避孕。 GnRH 是一种理想的避孕靶标，因为它调节雄性和雌性的垂体和性腺激素反应，从而抑制与性激素相关的滋扰行为，同时防止怀孕。猫对 GnRH 抑制的生育控制的反应应鼓励研究人员和猫控制利益相关者继续努力优化疫苗，以便在大多数接受治疗的猫中，单次剂量就能诱导多年的避孕效果。
