肯尼亚城市中心动物饲料和牛奶中的黄曲霉毒素B1和M1污染情况。
Aflatoxin B1 and M1 contamination of animal feeds and milk from urban centers in Kenya.
作者信息
Kang'ethe Erastus K, Lang'a K A
机构信息
Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
出版信息
Afr Health Sci. 2009 Dec;9(4):218-26.
BACKGROUND
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the principal hydroxylated AFB1 metabolite present in milk of cows fed with a diet contaminated with AFB1and excreted within 12 hours of administration of contaminated feeds.
OBJECTIVE
This study was initiated to assess the knowledge and practices of urban dairy farmers and feed millers about aflatoxin in feeds and milk, determine the prevalence and quantify the levels of AFB1 and AFM1 in animal feeds and milk respectively from urban environs in Kenya.
METHODS
This work was carried out in the Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Kenya, between February 2006 and March 2007.
RESULTS
A total of 830 animal feed and 613 milk samples from four urban centers were analyzed for aflatoxin B1 and M1 respectively using competitive enzyme immunoassay. Eighty six percent (353/412) of the feed samples from farmers were positive for aflatoxin B1 and 67% (235/353) of these exceeded the FAO/WHO level of 5µ gKg-1. Eighty one percent (197/243) of the feed samples from feed millers and 87% (153/175) from agrochemical shops were positive, while 58% (115/197) and 66% (92/153) of the positive samples exceeded the FAO/WHO limits respectively. Seventy two percent (315/439) of the milk from dairy farmers, 84% (71/85) from large and medium scale farmers and 99% (88/89) of the pasteurized marketed milk were positive for aflatoxin M1, and 20%, 35% an 31% of positive milk from dairy farmers, medium and large scale farmers and market outlets respectively, exceeded the WHO/FAO levels of 0.05µ g/Kg-1. Sixty seven percent of the urban smallholder dairy farmers had no knowledge that milk could be contaminated with aflatoxin M1 and neither knew how they could mitigate against this exposure. Feed millers knew about aflatoxin B1 in grains and excretion of aflatoxin M1 in milk, but were not alleviating exposure to animals.
CONCLUSION
There is need to create awareness and establish routine monitoring of animal feeds and milk to reduce animal and consequently human response.
背景
黄曲霉毒素M1（AFM1）是黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）的主要羟基化代谢产物，存在于食用被AFB1污染饲料的奶牛所产牛奶中，并在投喂受污染饲料12小时内排出。
目的
开展本研究以评估城市奶农和饲料加工商对饲料和牛奶中黄曲霉毒素的了解及做法，确定肯尼亚城市周边地区动物饲料和牛奶中AFB1和AFM1的流行情况并分别对其含量进行量化。
方法
本研究于2006年2月至2007年3月在肯尼亚内罗毕大学公共卫生药理学与毒理学系开展。
结果
分别采用竞争性酶免疫测定法对来自四个城市中心的830份动物饲料和613份牛奶样本进行黄曲霉毒素B1和M1分析。奶农提供的饲料样本中86%（353/412）黄曲霉毒素B1呈阳性，其中67%（235/353）超过了粮农组织/世界卫生组织5μg/Kg-1的水平。饲料加工商提供的饲料样本中81%（197/243）呈阳性，农药店提供的样本中87%（153/175）呈阳性，而阳性样本中分别有58%（115/197）和66%（92/153）超过了粮农组织/世界卫生组织的限值。奶农提供的牛奶中72%（315/439）、大中型奶农提供的牛奶中84%（71/85）以及市售巴氏杀菌牛奶中99%（88/89）黄曲霉毒素M1呈阳性，奶农、大中型奶农和市场销售点的阳性牛奶中分别有20%、35%和31%超过了世界卫生组织/粮农组织0.05μg/Kg-1的水平。67%的城市小农户奶农不知道牛奶可能被黄曲霉毒素M1污染，也不知道如何避免这种暴露。饲料加工商了解谷物中的黄曲霉毒素B1以及牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1的排泄情况，但并未减少动物的接触。
结论
有必要提高认识并建立对动物饲料和牛奶的常规监测，以减少动物进而减少人类接触。
Zotero 插件