Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2011;11(14):1847-53. doi: 10.2174/156802611796235099.
Rice bran contains important bioactive phytochemicals. Among these phytochemicals, steryl ferulates including γ-oryzanol and its major components such as cycloartenyl ferulate (CAF), 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate (24-mCAF), β-sitosteryl ferulate (β-SF), and campesteryl ferulate have been intensively studied due to their crucial roles in pathological processes. On the basis of experimental studies published during the last decade in relation to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, hypolipidemic, anti-neoplastic, anti-diabetic, and anti-allergic phenomena, these bioactive phytochemicals are reviewed in this paper. Particularly, in vivo and in vitro studies have clarified that rice bran phytosteryl ferulates mediate anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating the inflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which in turn reduces expression of inflammatory enzymes such as COX-2 and iNOS, and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, rice bran phytosteryl ferulates up-regulate blood adiponectin levels via indirect activation of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) through NF-κB inhibition. In this review, we discuss potential pharmacological aspects of rice bran phytosteryl ferulates in the clinical setting.
米糠含有重要的生物活性植物化学物质。在这些植物化学物质中，甾醇酯包括 γ-谷维素及其主要成分，如环阿屯基酯（CAF）、24-亚甲基环阿屯基酯（24-mCAF）、β-谷甾醇酯（β-SF）和菜油甾醇酯，由于它们在病理过程中的关键作用，已被深入研究。基于过去十年与抗氧化、抗炎、抗溃疡、降血脂、抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病和抗变态反应现象相关的实验研究，本文综述了这些生物活性植物化学物质。特别是，体内和体外研究已经阐明，米糠植物甾醇酯通过下调炎症转录因子核因子 κB（NF-κB）来介导抗炎作用，从而降低炎症酶如 COX-2 和 iNOS 以及促炎细胞因子如 IL-1β、IL-6 和 TNF-α的表达。此外，米糠植物甾醇酯通过 NF-κB 抑制间接激活过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ（PPARγ），从而上调血液脂联素水平。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了米糠植物甾醇酯在临床环境中的潜在药理学方面。
