Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland. koppenol@inorg. chem.ethz.ch
Nat Rev Cancer. 2011 May;11(5):325-37. doi: 10.1038/nrc3038. Epub 2011 Apr 14.
Otto Warburg pioneered quantitative investigations of cancer cell metabolism, as well as photosynthesis and respiration. Warburg and co-workers showed in the 1920s that, under aerobic conditions, tumour tissues metabolize approximately tenfold more glucose to lactate in a given time than normal tissues, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. However, this increase in aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells is often erroneously thought to occur instead of mitochondrial respiration and has been misinterpreted as evidence for damage to respiration instead of damage to the regulation of glycolysis. In fact, many cancers exhibit the Warburg effect while retaining mitochondrial respiration. We re-examine Warburg's observations in relation to the current concepts of cancer metabolism as being intimately linked to alterations of mitochondrial DNA, oncogenes and tumour suppressors, and thus readily exploitable for cancer therapy.
奥托·瓦伯格开创了对癌细胞代谢、光合作用和呼吸作用的定量研究。瓦伯格及其同事在 20 世纪 20 年代表明，在有氧条件下，肿瘤组织在给定时间内代谢葡萄糖生成乳酸的速度比正常组织快约 10 倍，这一现象被称为瓦伯格效应。然而，癌细胞中这种有氧糖酵解的增加通常被错误地认为是替代线粒体呼吸而发生的，并且被误解为呼吸损伤的证据，而不是糖酵解调节损伤的证据。事实上，许多癌症在保留线粒体呼吸的同时表现出瓦伯格效应。我们重新审视了瓦伯格的观察结果，将其与当前的癌症代谢概念联系起来，认为其与线粒体 DNA、癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因的改变密切相关，因此很容易被用于癌症治疗。
