Sport Training Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla La Mancha, Spain.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Jul;25(7):1866-78. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e4f9da.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 16 weeks of contrast training (CT) on older adults (with different levels of physical conditioning) in vertical jump performance (squat jump [SJ], countermovement jump [CMJ], CMJ during 15 seconds [CMJ15], depth jump [DJ]), body weight, fat percentage, muscle mass (MM), muscle cross-sectional area ([CSA] of the arm and thigh) and biochemical parameters (creatine kinase [CK], creatinine, and urea). Sixteen older (63.55 ± 6.89 years) recreational master runners (A) and 16 physically active older people (60.30 ± 5.18 years) though not athletes (NA), participated in the CT using a combination of heavy-resistance and explosive exercise. The dependent variables were measured pretraining and posttraining. The CT resulted in significant improvements (α = 0.05) for both groups in jump performance. The SJ height improved in NA by 21.68% and in A by 21.81%, the CMJ height increased in NA by 21.51% and in A by 14.81%, the DJ height increased in NA by 26.45% and in A by 7.43%, and CMJ15 increased in NA by 6.20% and in A by 6.17%). Significant improvements in MM (16.44% in NA and 14.78% in A), thigh CSA (19.68% in NA and 21.67% in A), and arm CSA (7.43% in NA and 5.52% in A), and significant decreases in creatinine (8.65%) and CK (25.49%) in A were observed. In conclusion, CT improved vertical jump performance and MM in both groups, regardless of the training history and current physical activity of each group. These improvements were accompanied by a slight decrease in body fat but no changes in total body weight. These findings suggest that CT can have a significant effect on maximal jump height and MM in NA and A.
本研究旨在确定 16 周对比训练（CT）对老年人（身体条件不同）垂直跳跃表现（深蹲跳[SJ]、反跳[CMJ]、15 秒 CMJ[CMJ15]、深跳[DJ]）、体重、体脂百分比、肌肉质量（手臂和大腿的肌肉横截面积[CSA]）和生化参数（肌酸激酶[CK]、肌酐和尿素）的影响。16 名老年（63.55 ± 6.89 岁）娱乐型长跑运动员（A）和 16 名身体活跃的老年人（60.30 ± 5.18 岁）虽然不是运动员（NA）参加了 CT，使用了重阻力和爆发力运动的组合。在训练前后测量了因变量。CT 导致两组跳跃性能均显著提高（α=0.05）。NA 的 SJ 高度提高了 21.68%，A 提高了 21.81%，NA 的 CMJ 高度提高了 21.51%，A 提高了 14.81%，NA 的 DJ 高度提高了 26.45%，A 提高了 7.43%，CMJ15 在 NA 中增加了 6.20%，在 A 中增加了 6.17%）。NA 的肌肉质量（16.44%）和 A 的肌肉质量（14.78%）、大腿 CSA（19.68%）和 A 的大腿 CSA（21.67%）以及手臂 CSA（7.43%）均显著增加，A 中肌酐（8.65%）和 CK（25.49%）显著降低。总之，CT 提高了两组的垂直跳跃表现和 MM，无论每组的训练历史和当前身体活动如何。这些改善伴随着体脂的轻微减少，但体重总重量没有变化。这些发现表明，CT 可以对 NA 和 A 的最大跳跃高度和 MM 产生显著影响。
