National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2011 May;69(5):259-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00386.x.
Several studies have documented the impact of vitamin D and other micronutrients on host responses to upper and lower respiratory tract infections, such as influenza and tuberculosis. These studies include observational as well as micronutrient intervention studies. Other studies have been conducted to understand the mechanisms by which micronutrients alter immune responses. However, critical information gaps and challenges remain. An immediate need exists for randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation in high-risk populations, such as infants, children, and patients with immunocompromised health. Other important areas of research include vitamin D genetics, the impact of other micronutrient deficiencies on innate and adaptive immunity, the 25(OH)D threshold for insufficiency, the need for valuable reliable markers, standardization of assays to detect 25(OH)D, novel functional markers beyond serum 25(OH)D, and further development of in vitro and animal models that could be useful for preclinical studies. Lastly, a new systems biology approach is needed to address the complexity of micronutrient effects and regulation.
多项研究记录了维生素 D 和其他微量营养素对宿主对上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染（如流感和肺结核）的反应的影响。这些研究包括观察性研究和微量营养素干预研究。其他研究旨在了解微量营养素改变免疫反应的机制。然而，仍存在关键信息差距和挑战。目前迫切需要在高危人群（如婴儿、儿童和免疫功能低下的患者）中进行维生素 D 补充的随机对照试验。其他重要的研究领域包括维生素 D 遗传学、其他微量营养素缺乏对先天和适应性免疫的影响、25(OH)D 不足的阈值、对有价值的可靠标志物的需求、检测 25(OH)D 的分析的标准化、超越血清 25(OH)D 的新型功能标志物，以及进一步开发可能对临床前研究有用的体外和动物模型。最后，需要采用新的系统生物学方法来解决微量营养素作用和调节的复杂性。
