Evinger S, Bernert Zs, Fóthi E, Wolff K, Kovári I, Marcsik A, Donoghue H D, O'Grady J, Kiss K K, Hajdu T
Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika Square, Budapest, Hungary.
Homo. 2011 Jun;62(3):165-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jchb.2011.04.001. Epub 2011 Apr 29.
The distribution, antiquity and epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) have previously been studied in osteoarchaeological material in the eastern part of Hungary, mainly on the Great Plain. The purpose of this study is to map the occurrence of skeletal TB in different centuries in the western part of Hungary, Transdanubia, and to present new cases we have found. Palaeopathological analysis was carried out using macroscopic observation supported by radiographic and molecular methods. A large human osteoarchaeological sample (n=5684) from Transdanubian archaeological sites ranging from the 2nd to the 18th centuries served as a source of material. Spinal TB was observed in seven individuals (in three specimens with Pott's disease two of which also had cold abscess) and hip TB was assumed in one case. The results of DNA for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were positive in seven of the eight cases identified by paleopathology, and negative in the assumed case of hip TB. However, the molecular results are consistent with highly fragmented DNA, which limited further analysis. Based on the present study and previously published cases, osteotuberculosis was found in Transdanubia mainly during the 9th-13th centuries. However, there are no signs of TB in many other 9th-13th century sites, even in those that lie geographically close to those where osteotuberculous cases were found. This may be due to a true absence of TB caused by the different living conditions, way of life, or origin of these populations. An alternative explanation is that TB was present in some individuals with no typical paleopathology, but that death occurred before skeletal morphological features could develop.
此前，人们已对匈牙利东部（主要是大平原地区）骨考古材料中的结核病（TB）分布、年代及流行病学情况展开研究。本研究旨在绘制匈牙利西部外多瑙地区不同世纪骨骼结核病的发病情况，并展示我们发现的新病例。采用了影像学和分子方法辅助的宏观观察进行古病理学分析。以外多瑙地区公元2世纪至18世纪考古遗址的大量人类骨考古样本（n = 5684）作为材料来源。观察到7例脊柱结核（其中3例为波特氏病，2例还伴有寒性脓肿），推测有1例髋关节结核。在古病理学鉴定出的8例病例中，7例结核分枝杆菌DNA检测呈阳性，推测的髋关节结核病例检测呈阴性。然而，分子检测结果与高度碎片化的DNA一致，这限制了进一步分析。基于本研究及先前发表的病例，外多瑙地区骨结核主要发现于9世纪至13世纪。然而，在许多其他9世纪至13世纪的遗址中没有结核病迹象，即使是那些在地理上靠近发现骨结核病例的遗址。这可能是由于这些人群不同的生活条件、生活方式或起源导致真正没有结核病。另一种解释是，结核病存在于一些没有典型古病理学特征的个体中，但在骨骼形态特征出现之前就已死亡。
