Ramey Sandra L, Perkhounkova Yelena, Downing Nancy R, Culp Kennith R
University of Iowa, College of Nuring and College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
AAOHN J. 2011 May;59(5):221-7. doi: 10.3928/08910162-20110418-02. Epub 2011 Apr 25.
This study explored risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among 336 officers of a Midwestern police force. Instruments used included the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maastricht Questionnaire (measuring vital exhaustion), and a general Health Risk Appraisal. Rates of CVD, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were 3%, 28%, and 43%, respectively. The relative risk of hypercholesterolemia for male officers, compared to female officers, was 1.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 3.56). The officers' average body mass index was 28.6 (SD = 4.9), with 80% being overweight or obese. The average vital exhaustion score was higher for female officers than male officers (p < .05). Bivariate relationships of CVD with perceived stress, vital exhaustion, and age were statistically significant (p < .05). When controlling for age, odds ratios were 1.20 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.39; p < .05) for perceived stress and 1.31 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.53; p < .01) for vital exhaustion.
本研究探讨了中西部一支警察部队的336名警官患心血管疾病（CVD）的风险因素。使用的工具包括感知压力量表、马斯特里赫特问卷（测量精力耗竭）和一般健康风险评估。CVD、高血压和高胆固醇血症的患病率分别为3%、28%和43%。与女性警官相比，男性警官患高胆固醇血症的相对风险为1.98（95%置信区间[CI]，1.10至3.56）。警官们的平均体重指数为28.6（标准差=4.9），80%的人体重超重或肥胖。女性警官的平均精力耗竭得分高于男性警官（p<.05）。CVD与感知压力、精力耗竭和年龄的二元关系具有统计学意义（p<.05）。在控制年龄后，感知压力的优势比为1.20（95%CI，1.03至1.39；p<.05），精力耗竭的优势比为1.31（95%CI，1.12至1.53；p<.01）。
