Department of Clinical Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2011 Aug;13(4):283-8. doi: 10.1007/s11920-011-0203-5.
Despite increased awareness of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) during the past two decades, it is still a relatively unknown and understudied disorder. Its hallmark is a preoccupation with perceived defects or flaws in one's own appearance, often tied to the face (eg, nose, skin). BDD sufferers often think about their appearance "flaws" for up to several hours daily and frequently engage in ritualistic behaviors such as mirror checking, hair combing, comparing, asking for reassurance, makeup application, or skin picking. Furthermore, avoidance behaviors such as mirror avoidance or the avoidance of social activities are also common. In this paper, we provide an overview of BDD's unique symptomatology, its prevalence, and the comorbidities associated with it. A further aim is to provide an overview of effective treatments and possible obstacles and barriers to seeking or adhering to appropriate mental health care.
尽管在过去的二十年中，人们对躯体变形障碍（BDD）的认识有所提高，但它仍然是一种相对未知和研究不足的疾病。其特征是对自己外表感知到的缺陷或瑕疵过分关注，通常与面部（例如，鼻子、皮肤）有关。BDD 患者每天经常会花几个小时思考自己的“缺陷”，并且经常会进行一些仪式性行为，例如照镜子、梳头、比较、寻求安慰、化妆或挑皮肤。此外，避免行为，如避免照镜子或避免社交活动，也很常见。在本文中，我们概述了 BDD 的独特症状、其流行程度以及与之相关的共病。另一个目的是概述有效的治疗方法以及寻求或坚持适当的心理健康护理可能遇到的障碍和困难。
