Julius Kühn-Institute-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Department Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2011 Jun;14(3):236-43. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2011.04.009. Epub 2011 May 3.
The usage of antibiotics in animal husbandry has promoted the development and abundance of antibiotic resistance in farm environments. Manure has become a reservoir of resistant bacteria and antibiotic compounds, and its application to agricultural soils is assumed to significantly increase antibiotic resistance genes and selection of resistant bacterial populations in soil. The genome location of resistance genes is likely to shift towards mobile genetic elements such as broad-host-range plasmids, integrons, and transposable elements. Horizontal transfer of these elements to bacteria adapted to soil or other habitats supports their environmental transmission independent of the original host. The human exposure to soil-borne resistance has yet to be determined, but is likely to be severely underestimated.
畜牧业中抗生素的使用促进了农场环境中抗生素耐药性的发展和增加。粪便已成为耐药细菌和抗生素化合物的储存库，并且将其应用于农业土壤中被认为会显著增加土壤中抗生素抗性基因和耐药菌种群的选择。抗性基因的基因组位置可能会转移到诸如广谱质粒、整合子和转座子等移动遗传元件上。这些元件向适应土壤或其他生境的细菌的水平转移支持了它们在没有原始宿主的情况下独立于环境的传播。人类接触土壤传播的耐药性尚未确定，但很可能被严重低估。
