Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-1220, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2011 Sep;13(9):772-83. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr072. Epub 2011 May 5.
Black smokers are reported to have higher lung cancer rates and greater tobacco dependence at lower levels of cigarette consumption compared to non-Hispanic White smokers. We studied the relationship between cigarettes per day (CPD) and biomarkers of nicotine and carcinogen exposure in Black and White smokers.
In 128 Black and White smokers, we measured plasma nicotine and its main proximate metabolite cotinine, urine nicotine equivalents, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3)pyridyl-1-butanol (NNAL), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites.
The dose-response between CPD and nicotine equivalents, and NNAL and PAH was flat for Black but positive for White smokers (Race × CPD interaction, all ps < .05). Regression estimates for the Race × CPD interactions were 0.042 (95% CI 0.013-0.070), 0.054 (0.023-0.086), and 0.028 (0.004-0.052) for urine nicotine equivalents, NNAL, and PAHs, respectively. In contrast there was a strong correlation between nicotine equivalents and NNAL and PAH independent of race. Nicotine and carcinogen exposure per individual cigarette was inversely related to CPD. This inverse correlation was stronger in Black compared to White smokers and stronger in menthol compared to regular cigarette smokers (not mutually adjusted).
Our data indicate that Blacks on average smoke cigarettes differently than White smokers such that CPD predicts smoke intake more poorly in Black than in White smokers.
与非西班牙裔白种吸烟者相比，黑种吸烟者报告称，在较低的香烟消费水平下，肺癌发病率更高，对烟草的依赖程度更大。我们研究了每天吸烟支数（CPD）与黑人和白人吸烟者体内尼古丁和致癌物暴露生物标志物之间的关系。
在 128 名黑人和白人吸烟者中，我们测量了血浆尼古丁及其主要前体代谢物可替宁、尿尼古丁当量、4-（甲基亚硝氨基）-1-（3）吡啶-1-丁醇（NNAL）和多环芳烃（PAH）代谢物。
CPD 与尼古丁当量以及 NNAL 和 PAH 之间的剂量反应关系在黑种吸烟者中呈平坦状，而在白种吸烟者中呈正相关（种族×CPD 相互作用，所有 P<0.05）。种族×CPD 相互作用的回归估计值分别为 0.042（95%CI 0.013-0.070）、0.054（0.023-0.086）和 0.028（0.004-0.052），分别为尿尼古丁当量、NNAL 和 PAH。相比之下，尼古丁和致癌物暴露量与种族无关。每个烟支的尼古丁和致癌物暴露量与 CPD 呈负相关。这种负相关在黑种吸烟者中比在白种吸烟者中更强，在薄荷醇香烟吸烟者中比在普通香烟吸烟者中更强（非相互调整）。
我们的数据表明，黑人吸烟者的吸烟方式与白人吸烟者不同，因此 CPD 对黑人吸烟者的吸烟量预测不如白人吸烟者准确。
