Department of Counseling Psychology, Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling, Portland, OR 97208-3174, USA.
Am Psychol. 2011 May-Jun;66(4):265-76. doi: 10.1037/a0023141.
An appreciation of the psychological impacts of global climate change entails recognizing the complexity and multiple meanings associated with climate change; situating impacts within other social, technological, and ecological transitions; and recognizing mediators and moderators of impacts. This article describes three classes of psychological impacts: direct (e.g., acute or traumatic effects of extreme weather events and a changed environment); indirect (e.g., threats to emotional well-being based on observation of impacts and concern or uncertainty about future risks); and psychosocial (e.g., chronic social and community effects of heat, drought, migrations, and climate-related conflicts, and postdisaster adjustment). Responses include providing psychological interventions in the wake of acute impacts and reducing the vulnerabilities contributing to their severity; promoting emotional resiliency and empowerment in the context of indirect impacts; and acting at systems and policy levels to address broad psychosocial impacts. The challenge of climate change calls for increased ecological literacy, a widened ethical responsibility, investigations into a range of psychological and social adaptations, and an allocation of resources and training to improve psychologists' competency in addressing climate change-related impacts.
要了解全球气候变化对心理的影响，就必须认识到气候变化的复杂性和多种含义；要在其他社会、技术和生态转变的背景下认识到影响；还要认识到影响的中介因素和调节因素。本文描述了三类心理影响：直接影响（例如，极端天气事件和环境变化带来的急性或创伤性影响）；间接影响（例如，基于对影响的观察以及对未来风险的担忧或不确定性而对情绪健康造成的威胁）；以及心理社会影响（例如，因高温、干旱、迁移和与气候有关的冲突而导致的慢性社会和社区影响，以及灾后调整）。应对措施包括：在急性影响发生后提供心理干预，降低导致其严重程度的脆弱性；在间接影响的背景下促进情绪弹性和赋权；以及在系统和政策层面采取行动，以解决广泛的心理社会影响。气候变化带来的挑战要求提高生态文化素养，扩大道德责任范围，调查一系列心理和社会适应措施，并分配资源和培训，以提高心理学家应对与气候变化相关影响的能力。
