Cabrera B D, Arambulo P V
Acta Trop. 1977 Sep;34(3):265-79.
Malaria in the Republic of the Philippines is caused principally by P. falciparum and P. vivax, with the former as predominant species. P. malariae is occasionally reported, while P. ovale is very rare and has been reported only in the island of Palawan. Malaria is widespread in distribution with prevalence varying from one area to the other. In 1970, the malaria morbidity rate was reported to be 77.6 per 100,000 while the mortality rate was 1.8 per 100,000. Case detection activities revealed that, in 1973, the slide parasite rate was 7.2%, the annual parasite index was 6.1% and the annual blood examination rate was 8.4%. The principal vector of malaria in the Philippines is An. minimus flavirostris which breeds in clear, fresh-water streams in foothills and mountain slopes. An. mangyanus and An. maculatus appear to play a secondary role. The vectorial capacity of the former appears to be confined only where conditions are primitive, while the latter is associated with malaria transmission in high altitudes. In the absence of fresh-water streams, the salt-water breeder mosquito, An. litoralis, assumes the vectorial role. The epidemiology of malaria in the Philippines is discussed. Emergence of strains of P. falciparum with diminished sensitivity to the commonly used antimalarial drugs is reported in Palawan and Rizal provinces. The development of malaria control activities in the Philippines are presented. As of 1972, Cagayan Valley, Palawan, Mindoro, Sulu and circumscribed areas in Mindanao are still considered hard-core malarious areas with on-going persistent transmission.
菲律宾共和国的疟疾主要由恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫引起，前者为优势种。三日疟原虫偶尔有报告，而卵形疟原虫非常罕见，仅在巴拉望岛有过报告。疟疾分布广泛，不同地区的流行程度各异。1970年，据报告疟疾发病率为每10万人77.6例，死亡率为每10万人1.8例。病例检测活动显示，1973年，血片寄生虫率为7.2%，年寄生虫指数为6.1%，年血检率为8.4%。菲律宾疟疾的主要传播媒介是微小按蚊黄喙亚种，它在山麓和山坡清澈的淡水流中繁殖。曼氏按蚊和多斑按蚊似乎起次要作用。前者的传播能力似乎仅局限于原始条件地区，而后者与高海拔地区的疟疾传播有关。在没有淡水流的情况下，咸水滋生的蚊虫海滨按蚊承担传播作用。本文讨论了菲律宾疟疾的流行病学。据报告，在巴拉望省和黎刹省出现了对常用抗疟药物敏感性降低的恶性疟原虫菌株。介绍了菲律宾疟疾控制活动的开展情况。截至1972年，卡加延河谷、巴拉望、棉兰老岛、苏禄以及棉兰老岛的一些特定地区仍被视为疟疾高发核心地区，疟疾持续传播。
