Schagatay Erika, Lodin-Sundström Angelica, Abrahamsson Erik
Department of Engineering and Sustainable Development and Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Ostersund, Sweden.
Diving Hyperb Med. 2011 Mar;41(1):27-30.
Traditional apnea diving for sea harvesting for a living continues in some communities in Asia, the outcome being dependent on the total underwater working time. We studied dive and surface interval durations and daily time spent submerged by Japanese Ama and the Phillipine Bajau.
Diving and surface interval durations were timed, and daily in-water working time noted for 14 female Ama (mean age 60 years) during sea-mollusc collection, and five male Bajau divers (mean age 38 years) during spearfishing, using direct observations and depth-time recorders.
In the Ama, mean (SD) dive duration was 38 (8) s, with mean surface interval duration of 38 (8) s, at depths of 5-12 metres' sea water (msw), and diving constituted 50 (4)% of the total immersed working time, which was limited to 4 h per day by fishing regulations. In the Bajau, mean dive duration was 28 (9) s, with surface intervals of 19 (8) s, at depths of 5-7 msw, and diving was 60 (6)% of the total working time. Diving patterns in Hegura-Ama were similar to those previously reported, with up to 2 h per day spent under water. The Bajau total working time of 2-9 h per day suggests that some divers may spend more than 5 h per day submerged, which is the greatest daily apnea diving time reported in humans.
We conclude that natural human diving ability in these two groups of traditional apnea divers allows efficient sea harvesting at shallow depths and that the outcome does not seem to be limited by total daily apnea time.
在亚洲的一些社区，传统的屏息潜水用于海洋捕捞以维持生计的方式仍在延续，其结果取决于总的水下工作时间。我们研究了日本阿马族女性和菲律宾巴瑶族男性的潜水时间、水面间隔时间以及每日水下停留时间。
在采集海生软体动物期间，对14名阿马族女性（平均年龄60岁）进行直接观察并使用深度 - 时间记录器，记录她们的潜水时间和水面间隔时间，同时记录每日水下工作时间；在捕鱼期间，对5名巴瑶族男性潜水员（平均年龄38岁）进行同样的记录。
阿马族女性在5 - 12米海水深度潜水时，平均（标准差）潜水时间为38（8）秒，平均水面间隔时间为38（8）秒，潜水时间占总浸入式工作时间的50（4）%，根据捕鱼规定，每天总浸入式工作时间限制为4小时。巴瑶族男性在5 - 7米海水深度潜水时，平均潜水时间为28（9）秒，水面间隔时间为19（8）秒，潜水时间占总工作时间的60（6）%。黑古拉 - 阿马族的潜水模式与之前报道的相似，每天水下停留时间长达2小时。巴瑶族每天总工作时间为2 - 9小时，这表明一些潜水员每天可能在水下停留超过5小时，这是人类报道的最长每日屏息潜水时间。
我们得出结论，这两组传统屏息潜水者的自然潜水能力使他们能够在浅水区高效地进行海洋捕捞，而且结果似乎不受每日屏息总时间的限制。
