Ambrosecchia Marianna, Marino Barbara F M, Gawryszewski Luiz G, Riggio Lucia
Sezione di Fisiologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma Parma, Italy.
Sezione di Fisiologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma Parma, Italy ; Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2015 May 18;9:283. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00283. eCollection 2015.
Stimulus position is coded even if it is task-irrelevant, leading to faster response times when the stimulus and the response locations are compatible (spatial Stimulus-Response Compatibility-spatial SRC). Faster responses are also found when the handle of a visual object and the response hand are located on the same side; this is known as affordance effect (AE). Two contrasting accounts for AE have been classically proposed. One is focused on the recruitment of appropriate grasping actions on the object handle, and the other on the asymmetry in the object shape, which in turn would cause a handle-hand correspondence effect (CE). In order to disentangle these two accounts, we investigated the possible transfer of practice in a spatial SRC task executed with a S-R incompatible mapping to a subsequent affordance task in which objects with either their intact handle or a broken one were used. The idea was that using objects with broken handles should prevent the recruitment of motor information relative to object grasping, whereas practice transfer should prevent object asymmetry in driving handle-hand CE. A total of three experiments were carried out. In Experiment 1 participants underwent an affordance task in which common graspable objects with their intact or broken handle were used. In Experiments 2 and 3, the affordance task was preceded by a spatial SRC task in which an incompatible S-R mapping was used. Inter-task delays of 5 or 30 min were employed to assess the duration of transfer effect. In Experiment 2 objects with their intact handle were presented, whereas in Experiment 3 the same objects had their handle broken. Although objects with intact and broken handles elicited a handle-hand CE in Experiment 1, practice transfer from an incompatible spatial SRC to the affordance task was found in Experiment 3 (broken-handle objects), but not in Experiment 2 (intact-handle objects). Overall, this pattern of results indicate that both object asymmetry and the activation of motor information contribute to the generation of the handle-hand CE effect, and that the handle AE cannot be reduced to a SRC effect.
即使刺激位置与任务无关，它也会被编码，当刺激位置和反应位置兼容时（空间刺激-反应兼容性-空间SRC），反应时间会更快。当视觉物体的手柄和反应手位于同一侧时，也会出现更快的反应；这被称为可供性效应（AE）。传统上提出了两种关于AE的不同解释。一种侧重于在物体手柄上招募适当的抓握动作，另一种侧重于物体形状的不对称性，这反过来会导致手柄-手对应效应（CE）。为了厘清这两种解释，我们研究了在执行空间SRC任务时（采用刺激-反应不兼容映射）的练习是否可能转移到后续的可供性任务中，在该可供性任务中使用了手柄完整或损坏的物体。其想法是，使用手柄损坏的物体应能防止与物体抓握相关的运动信息的招募，而练习转移应能防止物体不对称性驱动手柄-手CE。总共进行了三项实验。在实验1中，参与者进行了一项可供性任务，其中使用了手柄完整或损坏的常见可抓握物体。在实验2和3中，可供性任务之前进行了一项空间SRC任务，其中采用了不兼容的刺激-反应映射。采用5分钟或30分钟的任务间延迟来评估转移效应的持续时间。在实验2中呈现的是手柄完整的物体，而在实验3中相同的物体手柄是损坏的。尽管在实验1中手柄完整和损坏的物体都引发了手柄-手CE，但在实验3（手柄损坏的物体）中发现了从不兼容的空间SRC到可供性任务的练习转移，而在实验2（手柄完整的物体）中未发现。总体而言，这种结果模式表明物体不对称性和运动信息的激活都有助于产生手柄-手CE效应，并且手柄AE不能简化为SRC效应。
