Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
J Hum Hypertens. 2012 May;26(5):315-24. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2011.39. Epub 2011 May 19.
Habitual levels of dietary sodium and potassium are correlated with age-related increases in blood pressure (BP) and likely have a role in this phenomenon. Although extensive published evidence exists from randomized trials, relatively few large-scale community surveys with multiple 24-h urine collections have been reported. We obtained three 24-h samples from 2704 individuals from Nigeria, Jamaica and the United States to evaluate patterns of intake and within-person relationships with BP. The average (±s.d.) age and weight of the participants across all the three sites were 39.9±8.6 years and 76.1±21.2 kg, respectively, and 55% of the total participants were females. Sodium excretion increased across the East-West gradient (for example, 123.9±54.6, 134.1±48.8, 176.6±71.0 (±s.d.) mmol, Nigeria, Jamaica and US, respectively), whereas potassium was essentially unchanged (for example, 46.3±22.9, 40.7±16.1, 44.7±16.4 (±s.d.) mmol, respectively). In multivariate analyses both sodium (positively) and potassium (negatively) were strongly correlated with BP (P<0.001); quantitatively the association was stronger, and more consistent in each site individually, for potassium. The within-population day-to-day variation was also greater for sodium than for potassium. Among each population group, a significant correlation was observed between sodium and urine volume, supporting the prior finding of sodium as a determinant of fluid intake in free-living individuals. These data confirm the consistency with the possible role of dietary electrolytes as hypertension risk factors, reinforcing the relevance of potassium in these populations.
习惯性的钠和钾摄入量与年龄相关的血压升高有关，并且可能在这一现象中发挥作用。尽管有大量已发表的随机试验证据，但相对较少有大规模的社区调查报告了多次 24 小时尿液收集的结果。我们从尼日利亚、牙买加和美国的 2704 个人中获得了三个 24 小时尿液样本，以评估摄入量的模式以及与血压的个体内关系。所有三个地点的参与者的平均（±标准差）年龄和体重分别为 39.9±8.6 岁和 76.1±21.2kg，总参与者中有 55%为女性。钠排泄量随着东向西梯度的增加而增加（例如，123.9±54.6、134.1±48.8、176.6±71.0（±标准差）mmol，分别来自尼日利亚、牙买加和美国），而钾基本保持不变（例如，46.3±22.9、40.7±16.1、44.7±16.4（±标准差）mmol，分别来自尼日利亚、牙买加和美国）。在多变量分析中，钠（呈正相关）和钾（呈负相关）均与血压密切相关（P<0.001）；从数量上看，钾的关联更强，并且在每个地点更为一致。人群内每日的变化也比钾更为显著。在每个人群组中，钠与尿容量之间存在显著相关性，支持了先前关于钠是自由生活个体液体摄入量决定因素的发现。这些数据证实了饮食电解质作为高血压危险因素的可能作用的一致性，加强了钾在这些人群中的相关性。
