MD Anderson Cancer Center Radiation Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA.
Nat Rev Cancer. 2011 Jun;11(6):438-48. doi: 10.1038/nrc3069. Epub 2011 May 19.
Recent advances in radiotherapy have enabled the use of different types of particles, such as protons and heavy ions, as well as refinements to the treatment of tumours with standard sources (photons). However, the risk of second cancers arising in long-term survivors continues to be a problem. The long-term risks from treatments such as particle therapy have not yet been determined and are unlikely to become apparent for many years. Therefore, there is a need to develop risk assessments based on our current knowledge of radiation-induced carcinogenesis.
近年来，放射治疗技术取得了进展，使得人们能够使用不同类型的粒子，如质子和重离子，以及对标准源（光子）治疗肿瘤进行改进。然而，长期幸存者中第二癌症的风险仍然是一个问题。粒子治疗等治疗方法的长期风险尚未确定，并且可能在多年后才会显现。因此，需要根据我们目前对放射诱导致癌的认识来制定风险评估。
