Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Australas J Dermatol. 2011 May;52(2):81-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2011.00745.x. Epub 2011 Mar 29.
The role of genetic predisposition and the influence of sex steroid hormones are indisputable to the pathogenesis of male androgenetic alopecia (MAGA). The role of sex steroid hormones in female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is less known. A good knowledge of the pathophysiology underlying MAGA and FPHL empowers the clinician to confidently counsel patients and make informed therapeutic decisions. Vigorous research in recent years has provided greater insight into the role of genetics and sex steroids in physiological hair growth and cycling, as well as in hair follicle miniaturization, the histological hallmark of MAGA and FPHL. In the present review article directed towards clinicians, we discuss the current understanding of the role of androgens and oestrogens, as well as genetic associations with MAGA and FPHL. We also briefly discuss the interpretation of direct-to-consumer genetic testing for baldness to help clinicians understand the limitations of such tests.
遗传易感性和性激素的影响对男性雄激素性脱发（AGA）的发病机制至关重要。性激素在女性型脱发（FPHL）中的作用知之甚少。对 AGA 和 FPHL 潜在病理生理学的充分了解使临床医生能够自信地为患者提供咨询并做出明智的治疗决策。近年来，大量研究深入探讨了遗传和性激素在生理毛发生长和循环以及毛囊微小化（AGA 和 FPHL 的组织学标志）中的作用。在本文中，我们主要面向临床医生，讨论了目前对雄激素和雌激素的作用以及与 AGA 和 FPHL 相关的遗传关联的理解。我们还简要讨论了消费者直接进行脱发基因检测的解读，以帮助临床医生了解此类检测的局限性。
