School of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Jun 23;14(7):1326. doi: 10.3390/genes14071326.
Pattern hair loss can occur in both men and women, and the underlying molecular mechanisms have been continuously studied in recent years. Male androgenetic alopecia (M-AGA), also termed male pattern hair loss, is the most common type of hair loss in men. M-AGA is considered an androgen-dependent trait with a background of genetic predisposition. The interplay between genetic and non-genetic factors leads to the phenotype of follicular miniaturization. Although this similar pattern of phenotypic miniaturization can also be found in female pattern hair loss (FPHL), the corresponding genetic factors in M-AGA do not account for the phenotype in FPHL, indicating that there are different genes contributing to FPHL. Therefore, the role of genetic factors in FPHL is still uncertain. Understanding the genetic mechanism that causes FPHL is crucial for the future development of personalized treatment strategies. This review aims to highlight the differences in the ethnic prevalence and genetic background of FPHL, as well as the current genetic research progress in nutrition, Wnt signaling, and sex hormones related to FPHL.
模式性脱发可发生于男性和女性，近年来其潜在的分子机制一直被不断研究。男性雄激素性脱发（M-AGA），又称男性型脱发，是男性最常见的脱发类型。M-AGA被认为是一种具有遗传易感性背景的雄激素依赖性特征。遗传和非遗传因素的相互作用导致毛囊的微小化表型。尽管女性型脱发（FPHL）也存在类似的毛囊微小化表型，但 M-AGA 中的相应遗传因素并不能解释 FPHL 的表型，这表明有不同的基因参与 FPHL。因此，遗传因素在 FPHL 中的作用仍不确定。了解导致 FPHL 的遗传机制对于未来开发个性化治疗策略至关重要。本综述旨在强调 FPHL 的种族流行率和遗传背景的差异，以及与 FPHL 相关的营养、Wnt 信号和性激素的当前遗传研究进展。
