Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (C.N.R.S.), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
Plant Mol Biol. 2011 Sep;77(1-2):47-58. doi: 10.1007/s11103-011-9793-x. Epub 2011 May 24.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of growth and development in both plants and animals. In plants, roots play essential roles in their anchorage to the soil as well as in nutrient and water uptake. In this review, we present recent advances made in the identification of miRNAs involved in embryonic root development, radial patterning, vascular tissue differentiation and formation of lateral organs (i.e., lateral and adventitious roots and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodules in legumes). Certain mi/siRNAs target members of the Auxin Response Factors family involved in auxin homeostasis and signalling and participate in complex regulatory loops at several crucial stages of root development. Other miRNAs target and restrict the action of various transcription factors that control root-related processes in several species. Finally, because abiotic stresses, which include nutrient or water deficiencies, generally modulate root growth and branching, we summarise the action of certain miRNAs in response to these stresses that may be involved in the adaptation of the root system architecture to the soil environment.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）是动植物生长和发育的转录后调控因子。在植物中，根在固定于土壤以及吸收养分和水分方面起着至关重要的作用。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了在鉴定参与胚胎根发育、径向模式形成、维管束组织分化和侧器官（即侧根和不定根以及豆科植物中的共生固氮结瘤）形成的 miRNAs 方面取得的最新进展。某些 miRNA/ siRNA 靶向参与生长素稳态和信号转导的生长素反应因子家族成员，并在根发育的几个关键阶段参与复杂的调控环。其他 miRNA 靶向并限制各种转录因子的作用，这些转录因子在多个物种中控制与根相关的过程。最后，由于包括养分或水分缺乏在内的非生物胁迫通常会调节根的生长和分枝，我们总结了某些 miRNA 对这些胁迫的反应，这些反应可能参与了根系结构对土壤环境的适应。
