Hashemi Hassan, Khabazkhoob Mehdi, Yekta Abbasali, Mohammad Kazem, Fotouhi Akbar
Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2011 Jun;18(3):122-8. doi: 10.3109/09286586.2011.574333.
To determine the prevalence of anisometropia and its determinants in a population-based sample.
In a cross-sectional population-based study, stratified cluster sampling was carried out from the population of Tehran. Respondents were transferred to a clinic for an interview and ophthalmic examinations including tests for visual acuity with and without correction, cycloplegic refraction, the slit lamp examination, fundoscopy, and lensometry. Anisometropia was defined as unequal spherical equivalent cycloplegic refractions in the two eyes.
Of 4565 participants, cycloplegic refraction was performed in both eyes of 3519 people. The mean age of the examinees was 31.5 ± 18.0 (range, 5-86) years. The mean anisometropia was 0.34 diopter (D) (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.31-0.37). The prevalence rates of anisometropia more than 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 D were 18.5% (95% CI: 17.0-19.9), 6.7% (95% CI: 5.8-7.7), 3.8% (95% CI: 3.1-4.5) and 2.6% (95% CI: 2.1-3.1). The inter-gender difference in the prevalence of anisometropia ≥ 1.0D was not statistically significant (P = 0.952). The prevalence of anisometropia increased after the age of 45 years. Overall, 15.7% of the examinees had anisomyopia and 4.7% had anisohypermetropia equal to or more than 1.0D. Anisometropia was more prevalent among patients with cataracts, amblyopia, and pseudophakia. The prevalence rates of spherical and cylindrical anisometropia in the studied sample were 8.0% and 7.1%, respectively.
The prevalence of anisometropia in the population of Tehran is beyond negligible. It showed a significant increase with age. Results also indicate that myopic patients are more likely to have anisometropia.
确定基于人群样本中屈光参差的患病率及其决定因素。
在一项基于人群的横断面研究中，从德黑兰人群中进行分层整群抽样。受访者被转至诊所进行访谈和眼科检查，包括有无矫正情况下的视力测试、睫状肌麻痹验光、裂隙灯检查、眼底镜检查和晶状体屈光度测量。屈光参差定义为双眼睫状肌麻痹验光后的等效球镜度不等。
在4565名参与者中，对3519人的双眼进行了睫状肌麻痹验光。受检者的平均年龄为31.5±18.0（范围5 - 86）岁。平均屈光参差为0.34屈光度（D）（95%置信区间（CI）：0.31 - 0.37）。屈光参差超过0.5D、1.0D、1.5D和2.0D的患病率分别为18.5%（95%CI：17.0 - 19.9）、6.7%（95%CI：5.8 - 7.7）、3.8%（95%CI：3.1 - 4.5）和2.6%（95%CI：2.1 - 3.1）。屈光参差≥1.0D的患病率在性别间差异无统计学意义（P = 0.952）。45岁以后屈光参差的患病率增加。总体而言，15.7%的受检者有屈光参差性近视，4.7%的受检者有等于或大于1.0D的屈光参差性远视。屈光参差在白内障、弱视和人工晶状体眼患者中更为普遍。研究样本中球镜性和柱镜性屈光参差的患病率分别为8.0%和7.1%。
德黑兰人群中屈光参差的患病率不可忽视。其患病率随年龄显著增加。结果还表明近视患者更易患屈光参差。
