Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2011 Dec;22(9):993-1004. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.05.001. Epub 2011 May 20.
The ability to form and maintain a functional system of contiguous hollow tubes is a critical feature of vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Lumen formation, or tubulogenesis, occurs in blood vessels during both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the embryo. Formation of vascular lumens takes place prior to the establishment of blood flow and to vascular remodeling which results in a characteristic hierarchical vessel organization. While epithelial lumen formation has received intense attention in past decades, more recent work has only just begun to elucidate the mechanisms controlling the initiation and morphogenesis of endothelial lumens. Studies using in vitro and in vivo models, including zebrafish and mammals, are beginning to paint an emerging picture of how blood vessels establish their characteristic morphology and become patent. In this article, we review and discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving the formation of vascular tubes, primarily in vivo, and we compare and contrast proposed models for blood vessel lumen formation.
形成和维持连续的中空管状功能系统是血管内皮细胞（EC）的关键特征。在胚胎发生血管生成和血管生成过程中，血管发生或管状形成发生在血管中。血管腔的形成发生在血流建立之前，并且发生在血管重塑之后，这导致了特征性的分级血管组织。尽管上皮管腔形成在过去几十年中受到了强烈关注，但最近的研究才刚刚开始阐明控制内皮管腔起始和形态发生的机制。使用体外和体内模型（包括斑马鱼和哺乳动物）的研究开始描绘出血管如何建立其特征形态并变得通畅的新兴图景。在本文中，我们主要在体内综述和讨论了驱动血管管腔形成的分子和细胞机制，并比较和对比了提出的血管腔形成模型。
