Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5288, 31073 Toulouse, France.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jun 14;108(24):9788-91. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1100723108. Epub 2011 May 31.
The Neolithic is a key period in the history of the European settlement. Although archaeological and present-day genetic data suggest several hypotheses regarding the human migration patterns at this period, validation of these hypotheses with the use of ancient genetic data has been limited. In this context, we studied DNA extracted from 53 individuals buried in a necropolis used by a French local community 5,000 y ago. The relatively good DNA preservation of the samples allowed us to obtain autosomal, Y-chromosomal, and/or mtDNA data for 29 of the 53 samples studied. From these datasets, we established close parental relationships within the necropolis and determined maternal and paternal lineages as well as the absence of an allele associated with lactase persistence, probably carried by Neolithic cultures of central Europe. Our study provides an integrative view of the genetic past in southern France at the end of the Neolithic period. Furthermore, the Y-haplotype lineages characterized and the study of their current repartition in European populations confirm a greater influence of the Mediterranean than the Central European route in the peopling of southern Europe during the Neolithic transition.
新石器时代是欧洲定居史的关键时期。尽管考古学和现代遗传学数据提出了一些关于这一时期人类迁徙模式的假说，但利用古代遗传数据对这些假说进行验证的研究还很有限。在这种情况下，我们研究了从一个 5000 年前被法国当地社区使用的墓地中提取的 53 名个体的 DNA。样本中相对较好的 DNA 保存情况使我们能够获得 29 个研究样本中的常染色体、Y 染色体和/或线粒体 DNA 数据。从这些数据集，我们在墓地内建立了密切的亲子关系，并确定了母系和父系血统，以及与乳糖耐受相关的等位基因的缺失，该等位基因可能由中欧的新石器时代文化携带。我们的研究提供了法国南部新石器时代末期遗传史的综合观点。此外，所鉴定的 Y 单倍型谱系及其在欧洲人群中的当前分布研究证实，在新石器时代过渡期间，地中海地区对南欧的影响大于中欧路线。
