Cognitive Science Program, University of Arizona, AZ, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2011 Jun;37(3):914-20. doi: 10.1037/a0022194.
It is well established that in masked priming, a target word (e.g., JUDGE) is primed more effectively by a transposed letter (TL) prime (e.g., jugde) than by an orthographic control prime (e.g., junpe). This is inconsistent with the slot coding schemes used in many models of visual word recognition. Several alternative coding schemes have been proposed in which special bigram detectors for frequently occurring nonadjacent letter combinations are developed as a product of perceptual learning. In order to examine this perceptual learning hypothesis, we asked whether bigram detectors are defined in terms of visuospatial coordinates. Japanese-English bilinguals who were equally familiar with horizontal and vertical text in Japanese demonstrated strong TL priming in both orientations when reading Japanese words, but, when reading English words, the evidence for vertical TL priming was not as strong. However, native English speakers showed a clear TL priming effect with vertically presented English words despite minimal exposure to vertical text, which is not consistent with a perceptual learning account. It is proposed instead that the initial letter array is transformed into an abstract ordinal code (first to last) regardless of orientation and that the speed with which this transformation is carried out depends on the familiarity of the script.
已有充分证据表明，在掩蔽启动中，目标词（例如 JUDGE）更容易被转置字母（例如 jugde）而非字形控制（例如 junpe）所启动。这与许多视觉单词识别模型中使用的插槽编码方案不一致。已经提出了几种替代的编码方案，其中特殊的双字母检测器是作为感知学习的产物为经常出现的非相邻字母组合开发的。为了检验这种感知学习假说，我们研究了双字母检测器是否是根据视觉空间坐标定义的。同时熟悉日语中的水平和垂直文本的日英双语者在阅读日语单词时，无论在哪个方向上都表现出很强的 TL 启动效应，但在阅读英语单词时，垂直 TL 启动的证据并不那么强烈。然而，尽管母语为英语的人很少接触垂直文本，但他们在呈现垂直的英语单词时表现出明显的 TL 启动效应，这与感知学习的解释不一致。相反，提出的观点是，无论方向如何，初始字母序列都会被转换为抽象的顺序码（从第一个到最后一个），并且转换的速度取决于脚本的熟悉程度。
