Fungal Cell Biology Group, Institute of Cell Biology, Rutherford Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK.
Fungal Biol. 2011 Jun;115(6):518-40. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.02.014. Epub 2011 Feb 24.
The cytoskeleton plays a major role in the regulation of fungal cell morphogenesis. The fungal cytoskeleton is comprised of three polymers: F-actin, microtubules and septins. Due to the successful application of the newly developed Lifeact probe for live-cell imaging of F-actin it is now possible, in combination with existing microtubule markers and fluorescently labelled septins, to monitor real-time dynamics of the entire fungal cytoskeleton, and reassess the many and integrated roles of F-actin, microtubules and septins throughout fungal growth and development. Evidence is accumulating that functional properties of higher-order structures derived from actin and septin filaments interacting with microtubules are employed in different ways in different cell types. This may reflect marked differences in cytoskeletal architecture that are found, for example, in unicellular yeasts, spore germlings and mature fungal hyphae. In this review we address key aspects of the versatile fungal cytoskeleton, highlight recently gained insights into important roles of F-actin in filamentous fungi, and raise some key questions that are likely to be solved in the coming years based on the new experimental tools that have recently become available.
细胞骨架在真菌细胞形态发生的调节中起着重要作用。真菌细胞骨架由三种聚合物组成：F-肌动蛋白、微管和隔膜蛋白。由于新开发的 Lifeact 探针在 F-肌动蛋白的活细胞成像中的成功应用，现在可以结合现有的微管标记物和荧光标记的隔膜蛋白，实时监测整个真菌细胞骨架的动态，并重新评估 F-肌动蛋白、微管和隔膜蛋白在真菌生长和发育过程中的许多综合作用。越来越多的证据表明，源自肌动蛋白和隔膜蛋白丝与微管相互作用的高级结构的功能特性在不同的细胞类型中以不同的方式被利用。这可能反映了在单细胞酵母、孢子幼体和成熟真菌菌丝中发现的细胞骨架结构的明显差异。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了多功能真菌细胞骨架的关键方面，强调了最近在丝状真菌中 F-肌动蛋白的重要作用方面的新见解，并提出了一些关键问题，这些问题可能会在未来几年内基于最近可用的新实验工具得到解决。
