Andjelkovich D A, Mathew R M, Richardson R B, Levine R J
Department of Epidemiology, Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
J Occup Med. 1990 Jun;32(6):529-40. doi: 10.1097/00043764-199006000-00010.
A retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted among 8147 men and 627 women employed in a gray iron foundry for at least 6 months between 1950 and 1979. More than 1700 deaths occurred during a 35-year period of observation. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all causes were close to expected values based on the US general population as the standard. The mortality of nonwhite men was significantly increased for lung cancer (SMR 132) and ischemic heart disease (SMR 126). Other moderate, but nonsignificant excesses were noted among nonwhite men for cancers of the stomach, pancreas, and prostate, for diabetes mellitus and pulmonary emphysema, and among white men for cancers of the lung and stomach, gastric and duodenal ulcers, pulmonary emphysema, and suicide. Small mortality increases were observed in both racial groups for cerebrovascular disease. The lack of a trend with time since hire and duration of foundry employment suggests that lung cancer mortality may not be associated with exposure to the foundry environment. Utilizing indirect measures of smoking, it appears that virtually all excess lung cancer deaths among whites and at least some of the excess among nonwhites could be explained by smoking habits. Similarly, smoking may have been responsible for the mortality excesses from emphysema, cerebrovascular diseases, and ischemic heart disease.
对1950年至1979年间在一家灰铸铁铸造厂工作至少6个月的8147名男性和627名女性进行了一项回顾性队列死亡率研究。在35年的观察期内发生了1700多例死亡。以美国普通人群为标准，所有原因的标准化死亡率（SMR）接近预期值。非白人男性的肺癌（SMR 132）和缺血性心脏病（SMR 126）死亡率显著增加。在非白人男性中，胃癌、胰腺癌和前列腺癌、糖尿病和肺气肿的死亡率也有其他中度但不显著的增加；在白人男性中，肺癌和胃癌、胃和十二指肠溃疡、肺气肿以及自杀的死亡率也有增加。两个种族群体的脑血管疾病死亡率均有小幅上升。自入职以来的时间和在铸造厂工作的时长均无趋势，这表明肺癌死亡率可能与接触铸造厂环境无关。利用间接吸烟指标，似乎白人中几乎所有额外的肺癌死亡以及非白人中至少一些额外的肺癌死亡都可以用吸烟习惯来解释。同样，吸烟可能是肺气肿、脑血管疾病和缺血性心脏病死亡率过高的原因。
