Department of Psychology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2011 Oct;42(5):609-21. doi: 10.1007/s10578-011-0236-3.
The current study examined relations between effortful control (ones ability to focus and shift attention in an adaptive manner), psychological control (caregiver attempts to manipulate the child's internal world) and proactive and reactive aggression. Participants were 69 children (54% male) ranging from 9 to 12 years of age (M = 10.35, SD = 1.14) and their primary caregivers from a community-recruited sample. Results indicate that psychological control and effortful control interacted and contributed to proactive aggression. At high levels of effortful control psychological control was positively associated with proactive aggression, whereas at low levels of effortful control psychological control was unrelated to proactive aggression. In contrast, although both effortful control and psychological control were correlated with reactive aggression, only effortful control was uniquely negatively associated with reactive aggression. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
本研究考察了努力控制（个体以适应方式集中和转移注意力的能力）、心理控制（照顾者试图操纵儿童的内心世界）与亲社会和反社会攻击之间的关系。参与者为 69 名 9 至 12 岁的儿童（54%为男性，M = 10.35，SD = 1.14）及其主要照顾者，他们来自社区招募的样本。结果表明，心理控制和努力控制相互作用并导致了亲社会攻击。在努力控制水平较高的情况下，心理控制与亲社会攻击呈正相关，而在努力控制水平较低的情况下，心理控制与亲社会攻击无关。相比之下，尽管努力控制和心理控制都与反社会攻击相关，但只有努力控制与反社会攻击呈负相关。讨论了预防和干预的意义。
