Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011 Dec 15;15(12):3061-100. doi: 10.1089/ars.2010.3765. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
Normal human pregnancy is considered a state of enhanced oxidative stress. In pregnancy, it plays important roles in embryo development, implantation, placental development and function, fetal development, and labor. However, pathologic pregnancies, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), are associated with a heightened level of oxidative stress, owing to both overproduction of free radicals and/or a defect in the antioxidant defenses. This has important implications on the mother, placental function, and fetal well-being. Animal models of diabetes have confirmed the important role of oxidative stress in the etiology of congenital malformations; the relative immaturity of the antioxidant system facilitates the exposure of embryos and fetuses to the damaging effects of oxidative stress. Of note, there are only a few clinical studies evaluating the potential beneficial effects of antioxidants in GDM. Thus, whether or not increased antioxidant intake can reduce the complications of GDM in both mother and fetus needs to be explored. This review provides an overview and updated data on our current understanding of the complications associated with oxidative changes in GDM.
正常妊娠被认为是氧化应激增强的状态。在妊娠过程中，它在胚胎发育、着床、胎盘发育和功能、胎儿发育和分娩中起着重要作用。然而，病理性妊娠，包括妊娠期糖尿病（GDM），由于自由基的过度产生和/或抗氧化防御的缺陷，与氧化应激水平升高有关。这对母亲、胎盘功能和胎儿健康都有重要影响。糖尿病动物模型证实了氧化应激在先天性畸形发病机制中的重要作用；抗氧化系统相对不成熟，使胚胎和胎儿容易受到氧化应激的损害。值得注意的是，只有少数临床研究评估了抗氧化剂在 GDM 中的潜在有益作用。因此，增加抗氧化剂的摄入是否能降低 GDM 母亲和胎儿并发症的发生，仍需要进一步探索。本文综述了我们目前对 GDM 中氧化变化相关并发症的理解，并提供了最新数据。
