Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, USA.
Dev Sci. 2011 Jul;14(4):822-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01030.x. Epub 2011 Mar 24.
McCarty and colleagues (1999) developed the elevated spoon task to measure motor planning in human infants. In this task, a spoon containing food was placed on an elevated apparatus that supported both ends of the spoon. The handle was oriented to the left or right on different trials. We presented naïve adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with the elevated spoon problem, and observed how monkeys learned the affordances of spoons over sessions. Strikingly, monkeys developed two different strategies for efficient spoon transport in just 12 to 36 trials. In subsequent testing with a novel double bowl spoon approximately 1 year later, monkeys demonstrated that they were attending to the baited spoon bowl and continued to select efficient grips for transporting the spoon. Monkey data were contrasted with previous studies in human infants using a perception-action perspective in an effort to understand the fundamentals of tool use and motor planning that may be common in the development of these abilities across species and their origins in human behavior.
麦卡蒂和同事（1999 年）开发了勺子抬高任务来测量人类婴儿的运动规划。在这个任务中，一个装有食物的勺子被放在一个支撑勺子两端的高架设备上。在不同的试验中，勺子的把手向左或向右倾斜。我们向天真的成年恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）展示了勺子抬高问题，并观察了猴子在几节课中如何学习勺子的功能。引人注目的是，猴子在仅仅 12 到 36 次试验中就发展出了两种不同的有效勺子运输策略。在大约 1 年后用一种新颖的双碗勺子进行的后续测试中，猴子表明它们关注诱饵勺子碗，并继续选择有效的握法来运输勺子。猴子的数据与之前使用感知-动作视角的人类婴儿研究进行了对比，以努力理解工具使用和运动规划的基本原理，这些原理可能在这些能力的发展中是共同的，并且可能起源于人类行为。
