Długońska Henryka, Grzybowski Marcin
Department of Immunoparasitology, Chair of Immunology and Infectious Biology, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Street, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
Wiad Parazytol. 2011;57(2):71-6.
Inter-individual variation in immune response to widely used prophylactic vaccines against infectious diseases is strongly influenced by sex, MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex), age and current hormones status of vaccinated individuals. Numerous findings showed that microorganisms residing at different sites of human or animal body (natural microbiota), especially in the gastrointestinal tract, appear to contribute to nearly every element of the host's physiology. Recently, the microbiota is also supposed to be an underappreciated yet, but very important factor responsible for diverse vaccine efficacy observed in humans from developing vs. developed countries. In the article, selected aspects of the microbiota-host relation are presented: importance of the gut microbiota in the development of both the intestinal mucosal and systemic immune responses, bacteria of a predominant role for the immunity (e.g., SFB, Segmented Filamentous Bacteria), and several clinical observations on the varied immunogenicity of the same vaccines in different human populations. In the light of our current knowledge, manipulation of the microbiota by probiotics and/or prebiotics is becoming a realistic therapeutic and prophylactic strategy for many infectious, inflammatory and even neoplastic diseases within the gut but it may be also used for improving vaccine efficacy.
个体对广泛使用的预防传染病疫苗的免疫反应差异，受到性别、主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）、年龄以及接种个体当前激素状态的强烈影响。大量研究结果表明，存在于人体或动物体不同部位的微生物（天然微生物群），尤其是胃肠道中的微生物，似乎对宿主生理的几乎每个方面都有影响。最近，微生物群也被认为是一个未得到充分重视但非常重要的因素，它导致了在发展中国家和发达国家人群中观察到的疫苗效果差异。本文介绍了微生物群与宿主关系的一些选定方面：肠道微生物群在肠道黏膜和全身免疫反应发展中的重要性、在免疫中起主要作用的细菌（如分段丝状细菌，SFB），以及关于同一疫苗在不同人群中免疫原性差异的一些临床观察。根据我们目前的知识，通过益生菌和/或益生元对微生物群进行调控，正成为治疗和预防肠道内许多传染病、炎症甚至肿瘤性疾病的一种切实可行的策略，而且它也可用于提高疫苗效力。
