School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2011 Sep 10;63(10-11):909-22. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.05.018. Epub 2011 Jun 15.
The development and improvement of vaccines has been a significant endeavor on the part of the medical community for more than the last two centuries, and the success of these efforts is obvious when one considers the millions of lives that have been saved. Recent work in the field of vaccines, however, indicates that vaccines may be developed for even more challenging diseases than those previously addressed. It will be important in achieving this feat to account for the physical and chemical processes related to vaccine trafficking, rather than solely relying on our knowledge of the pathogen and our empirical experience. A thorough understanding of the lymphatic system is essential considering the role it plays in antigen trafficking and all immunological activity. This review describes the results of recent work that provides insight into the physiological processes of the lymphatic system and its various components with an emphasis on vaccine antigen trafficking from the administration site to secondary lymphoid tissues and the ensuing immune response. The review also discusses current challenges in designing vaccines and presents modern strategies for designing vaccines to better interface with the lymphatic system.
在过去的两个多世纪里，疫苗的开发和改进一直是医学界的一项重要努力，当人们考虑到已经挽救了数百万人的生命时，这些努力的成功是显而易见的。然而，最近在疫苗领域的工作表明，疫苗可能不仅针对以前解决过的那些更具挑战性的疾病，还可能针对其他疾病。在实现这一壮举时，重要的是要考虑与疫苗运输相关的物理和化学过程，而不仅仅依赖于我们对病原体的了解和我们的经验。考虑到淋巴系统在抗原运输和所有免疫活动中所起的作用，深入了解淋巴系统是至关重要的。本文综述了最近的工作结果，这些结果深入了解了淋巴系统及其各个组成部分的生理过程，重点介绍了疫苗抗原从给药部位到次级淋巴组织的运输以及随之而来的免疫反应。本文还讨论了设计疫苗的当前挑战，并提出了设计疫苗的现代策略，以更好地与淋巴系统接口。
