Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Aug 10;166(1-2):119-35. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.05.008. Epub 2011 May 31.
Utilization of metallic nanoparticles in various biotechnological and medical applications represents one of the most extensively investigated areas of the current materials science. These advanced applications require the appropriate chemical functionalization of the nanoparticles with organic molecules or their incorporation in suitable polymer matrices. The intensified interest in polymer nanocomposites with silver nanoparticles is due to the high antimicrobial effect of nanosilver as well as the unique characteristics of polymers which include their excellent structural uniformity, multivalency, high degree of branching, miscellaneous morphologies and architectures, and highly variable chemical composition. In this review, we explore several aspects of antimicrobial polymer silver nanocomposites, giving special focus to the critical analysis of the reported synthetic routes including their advantages, drawbacks, possible improvements, and real applicability in antibacterial and antifungal therapy. A special attention is given to "green" synthetic routes exploiting the biopolymeric matrix and to the methods allowing preparing magnetically controllable antimicrobial polymers for targeting to an active place. The controversial mechanism of the action of silver against bacteria, fungi and yeasts as well as perspectives and new applications of silver polymeric nanocomposites is also briefly discussed.
金属纳米粒子在各种生物技术和医学应用中的利用是当前材料科学研究最广泛的领域之一。这些先进的应用需要对纳米粒子进行适当的化学官能化，与有机分子结合或它们被整合到合适的聚合物基质中。对具有银纳米粒子的聚合物纳米复合材料的强烈兴趣归因于纳米银的高抗菌效果以及聚合物的独特特性，包括其优异的结构均一性、多价性、高度分支、多种形态和结构以及高度可变性的化学成分。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了抗菌聚合物银纳米复合材料的几个方面，特别关注对所报道的合成途径的批判性分析，包括它们的优点、缺点、可能的改进以及在抗菌和抗真菌治疗中的实际应用。特别关注利用生物聚合物基质的“绿色”合成途径，以及允许制备用于靶向活性部位的磁性可控抗菌聚合物的方法。还简要讨论了银对细菌、真菌和酵母的作用的争议机制以及银聚合物纳米复合材料的前景和新应用。
