Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain.
Environ Int. 2011 Oct;37(7):1226-35. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.05.008. Epub 2011 Jun 16.
Numerous studies analyzed concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in human samples, and in many types of foods; however, food consumption is less commonly included in studies on the determinants of POP concentrations in humans, and these approaches are rarely integrated with surveys of food intake to estimate the amount and safety of human POP intake from food.
To analyze the main characteristics and findings of all studies conducted in Spain that quantitatively assessed the influence of diet on human concentrations of POPs.
Studies published until December 2010 (with no other time restrictions) were identified through Medline/PubMed, ISI-Thomson, ScienceDirect, and SciELO databases.
We identified 25 papers, from 19 different studies. Twelve papers were published in 2009-2010. All studies but one were based on subgroups not representative of the general population, and over half were limited to women. Serum was the most used biological matrix, while p,p'-DDE, HCB and PCBs were the most frequently analyzed compounds. Food intakes were measured with heterogeneous food frequency questionnaires. The most consistent association was between fish consumption and PCBs and HCB, followed by dairy products and PCBs. A few studies observed a relationship between meat and some POPs, whilst intake of vegetables, fruits and cereals was rarely related to POP levels. Only 3 studies did not find any relationship between dietary habits and POP concentrations.
In spite of methodological heterogeneity, the studies were able to quantify to what extent consumption of foods from animal origin (fish, milk, dairy products and meat) is related to higher body concentrations of POPs. As in a few other countries, in Spain food consumption is increasingly analyzed as a major determinant of human POP intake.
许多研究分析了人体样本和多种食物中持久性有机污染物（POPs）的浓度；然而，在研究影响人体 POP 浓度的因素时，较少将食物消费纳入其中，并且这些方法很少与食物摄入量调查相结合，以评估从食物中摄入 POP 的量和安全性。
分析在西班牙进行的所有定量评估饮食对人体 POP 浓度影响的研究的主要特征和发现。
通过 Medline/PubMed、ISI-Thomson、ScienceDirect 和 SciELO 数据库，确定截至 2010 年 12 月（无其他时间限制）发表的研究。
我们确定了 25 篇论文，来自 19 项不同的研究。其中 12 篇发表于 2009-2010 年。除了一项研究外，所有研究都是基于非代表性的总体人群亚组进行的，超过一半的研究仅限于女性。血清是最常用的生物基质，而 p,p'-DDE、HCB 和多氯联苯（PCBs）是最常分析的化合物。食物摄入量是用不同的食物频率问卷来测量的。最一致的关联是鱼类消费与 PCBs 和 HCB 之间的关联，其次是奶制品与 PCBs 之间的关联。一些研究观察到肉类与某些 POP 之间的关系，而蔬菜、水果和谷物的摄入量与 POP 水平很少相关。只有 3 项研究未发现饮食习惯与 POP 浓度之间存在任何关系。
尽管方法学存在异质性，但这些研究能够定量评估动物性食品（鱼类、牛奶、奶制品和肉类）的消费与人体 POP 浓度升高之间的关系。与其他几个国家一样，在西班牙，食物消费越来越被视为影响人体 POP 摄入量的主要因素。
