Royal Tropical Institute - Biomedical Research, Parasitology, Meibergdreef 39, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Int J Infect Dis. 2011 Aug;15(8):e517-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.03.018. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is caused by sub-species of the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei and is transmitted by tsetse flies, both of which are endemic only to sub-Saharan Africa. Several cases have been reported in non-endemic areas, such as North America and Europe, due to travelers, ex-patriots or military personnel returning from abroad or due to immigrants from endemic areas. In this paper, non-endemic cases reported over the past 20 years are reviewed; a total of 68 cases are reported, 19 cases of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense HAT and 49 cases of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense HAT. Patients ranged in age from 19 months to 72 years and all but two patients survived. Physicians in non-endemic areas should be aware of the signs and symptoms of this disease, as well as methods of diagnosis and treatment, especially as travel to HAT endemic areas increases. We recommend extension of the current surveillance systems such as TropNetEurop and maintaining and promotion of existing reference centers of diagnostics and expertise. Important contact information is also included, should physicians require assistance in diagnosing or treating HAT.
人类非洲锥虫病（HAT）由寄生虫原生动物布氏锥虫的亚种引起，由采采蝇传播，这两者仅在撒哈拉以南非洲流行。由于旅行者、侨民或从国外返回的军人，或由于来自流行地区的移民，在北美和欧洲等非流行地区也报告了几例病例。本文回顾了过去 20 年报告的非流行地区病例；共报告了 68 例病例，其中 19 例为布氏冈比亚锥虫 HAT，49 例为布氏罗得西亚锥虫 HAT。患者年龄从 19 个月至 72 岁不等，除 2 例外，所有患者均存活。非流行地区的医生应了解这种疾病的症状和体征，以及诊断和治疗方法，特别是随着前往 HAT 流行地区旅行的增加。我们建议扩展当前的监测系统，如 TropNetEurop，并维护和推广现有的诊断和专业知识参考中心。还包括了重要的联系信息，如果医生需要帮助诊断或治疗 HAT。
