World Health Organization Centre for Health Development, Japan.
Health Policy. 2011 Sep;102(1):49-55. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2011.05.013.
This study analysed 112 municipalities enforcing municipal smoking restrictions on streets in Japan to examine anti-smoking measures implemented in urban settings from a health perspective and derive lessons for future tobacco control.
Municipal governments implementing ordinances which restrict smoking on streets were identified through grey literature review. Implementation period, characteristics, scope, and department responsible were examined.
Since the first municipal regulation was introduced in 1997, many other municipalities have followed. Enforcement of fines started in 2002, which is now a common practice nationwide. Nevertheless, the health impact of exposure to secondhand smoke is not clearly articulated in the ordinances. Street smoking bans have been developed in connection with "beautification" and littering prevention for environmental purposes, and local health departments do not have responsibility for these ordinances.
There is potential to further prevent secondhand smoke exposure if such measures are expanded to indoor environments and integrated into broader policies. For policy-makers and advocates, the Japanese experience provides information on an additional tobacco control intervention as well as clues in the process of design, implementation and enforcement of such municipal measures. A more comprehensive and health-driven approach is required to effectively address the harm of secondhand smoke in Japan.
本研究分析了日本 112 个执行街道吸烟限制的市，从健康角度审视城市环境中的控烟措施，并为未来的烟草控制汲取经验教训。
通过灰色文献综述，确定了实施街道吸烟限制条例的市政府。审查了实施期间、特点、范围和负责部门。
自 1997 年首次颁布市条例以来，许多其他市也纷纷效仿。2002 年开始实施罚款，这在全国范围内已成为普遍做法。然而，条例中并未明确阐明接触二手烟的健康影响。街道吸烟禁令是为了“美化”和防止乱扔垃圾而制定的，与环境有关，地方卫生部门对这些条例不负责任。
如果这些措施扩展到室内环境并纳入更广泛的政策，就有可能进一步防止接触二手烟。对于政策制定者和倡导者来说，日本的经验提供了有关另一种控烟干预措施的信息，以及在设计、实施和执行此类市措施的过程中的线索。需要采取更全面和以健康为导向的方法，以有效解决日本二手烟的危害。
