Allickson Julie G, Sanchez Anthony, Yefimenko Natalie, Borlongan Cesar V, Sanberg Paul R
Cryo-Cell International, Inc., Oldsmar, FL, USA.
Open Stem Cell J. 2011;3(2011):4-10. doi: 10.2174/1876893801103010004.
We are in the beginning of the era of regenerative medicine and many researchers are testing adult stem cells to be used for tissue repair and regeneration in the human body. Many adult stem cells have been discovered since the late 1990's with more recently a novel adult stem cell described in menstrual blood. The menstrual blood is derived from shedding of the endometrial lining, specifically the functionalis layer, which contains highly proliferative cells used to prepare the female body for implementation of a fertilized egg. Cell characterization experiments of stromal stem cells discovered in menstrual blood have demonstrated cells to be multipotent which can successfully differentiate in vitro into cell lineages derived from the mesoderm and the ectoderm.When menstrual blood cells were seeded in culture the average number of adherent cells was 8.50 % with a range of 0.48% to 47.76%. Demonstrating longevity one cell line allowed to grow was subcultured 47 times before complete senescence and death. The menstrual blood stromal stem cell phenotypic analysis incorporates mesenchymal cell markers such as CD13, CD29, CD44, CD49f, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, MHC Class I and pluripotent embryonic stem cell markers SSEA-4, Nanog and Oct-4. Karyotypic analysis demonstrated the maintenance of diploid cells without chromosomal abnormalities.In conclusion preliminary studies have demonstrated menstrual stem cells are easily expandable to clinical relevance. Pivotal pre-clinical studies are now underway to test the safety and efficacy of menstrual stem cells in several different animal models including one for neuroprotection following transplantation into an experimental stroke model. The study demonstrates menstrual stem cells are a novel cell population that may be routinely and safely isolated to provide a renewable source of stem cells from child-bearing women.
我们正处于再生医学时代的开端，许多研究人员正在测试成体干细胞，以用于人体组织修复和再生。自20世纪90年代末以来，已经发现了许多成体干细胞，最近在月经血中描述了一种新型成体干细胞。月经血源自子宫内膜的脱落，特别是功能层，其中含有高度增殖的细胞，用于使女性身体为受精卵着床做准备。对月经血中发现的基质干细胞进行的细胞表征实验表明，这些细胞具有多能性，能够在体外成功分化为源自中胚层和外胚层的细胞谱系。当将月经血细胞接种到培养物中时，贴壁细胞的平均数量为8.50%，范围为0.48%至47.76%。有一个细胞系在完全衰老和死亡前传代培养了47次，证明了其寿命。月经血基质干细胞的表型分析纳入了间充质细胞标志物，如CD13、CD29、CD44、CD49f、CD73、CD90、CD105、CD166、MHC I类，以及多能胚胎干细胞标志物SSEA-4、Nanog和Oct-4。核型分析表明二倍体细胞得以维持，且无染色体异常。总之，初步研究表明月经干细胞易于扩增至具有临床相关性的数量。目前正在进行关键的临床前研究，以测试月经干细胞在几种不同动物模型中的安全性和有效性，其中包括将其移植到实验性中风模型中进行神经保护的模型。该研究表明月经干细胞是一种新型细胞群体，可以常规且安全地分离出来，为育龄妇女提供可再生的干细胞来源。
