Hummer Robert A, Chinn Juanita J
Department of Sociology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin.
Du Bois Rev. 2011 Spring;8(1):5-24. doi: 10.1017/S1742058X11000051.
Although there have been significant decreases in U.S. mortality rates, racial/ethnic disparities persist. The goals of this study are to: (1) elucidate a conceptual framework for the study of racial/ethnic differences in U.S. adult mortality, (2) estimate current racial/ethnic differences in adult mortality, (3) examine empirically the extent to which measures of socioeconomic status and other risk factors impact the mortality differences across groups, and (4) utilize findings to inform the policy community with regard to eliminating racial/ethnic disparities in mortality. Relative Black-White differences are modestly narrower when compared to a decade or so ago, but remain very wide. The majority of the Black-White adult mortality gap can be accounted for by measures of socioeconomic resources that reflect the historical and continuing significance of racial socioeconomic stratification. Further, when controlling for socioeconomic resources, MexicanAmericans and Mexican immigrants exhibit significantly lower mortality risk than non-Hispanic Whites. Without aggressive efforts to create equality in socioeconomic and social resources, Black-White disparities in mortality will remain wide, and mortality among the Mexican-origin population will remain higher than what would be the case if that population achieved socioeconomic equality with Whites.
尽管美国的死亡率已显著下降，但种族/族裔差异依然存在。本研究的目标是：（1）阐明一个用于研究美国成年人死亡率种族/族裔差异的概念框架；（2）估计当前成年人死亡率的种族/族裔差异；（3）实证检验社会经济地位指标和其他风险因素在多大程度上影响不同群体间的死亡率差异；（4）利用研究结果为政策制定者提供信息，以消除死亡率方面的种族/族裔差异。与大约十年前相比，黑人与白人之间的相对差异略有缩小，但仍然很大。黑人与白人成年人死亡率差距的大部分可归因于社会经济资源指标，这些指标反映了种族社会经济分层的历史意义和持续影响。此外，在控制社会经济资源后，墨西哥裔美国人和墨西哥移民的死亡风险显著低于非西班牙裔白人。如果不积极努力实现社会经济和社会资源的平等，黑人和白人在死亡率上的差距仍将很大，墨西哥裔人口的死亡率将继续高于该群体与白人实现社会经济平等时的死亡率。
