Ledo A, Lupiani B, Dopazo C P, Toranzo A E, Barja J L
Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Santiago, Spain.
Microbiologia. 1990 Jun;6(1):21-9.
During a three years survey, a total of 149 samples from 20 farms of rainbow trout, salmon and turbot were examined for the presence of virus with the purpose to study the viral infections affecting cultured fish and their incidence in the fishfarms of Northwestern Spain. Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was the only viral agent isolated from salmonid fish. Fry and fingerlings of trout showed the highest infection rate (24%). This virus was not detected in broodstock or embryonated eggs, although it was isolated from ovaric and seminal fluids and from juvenile carriers. From 24 samples of salmon analyzed, IPNV was only detected in one sample of juveniles. Examination of turbot led the isolation of a new virus belonging to the reoviridae family, which affected to the ongrowing population. All of the IPNV tested belonged to serotype Sp regardless of the origin of the trout stocks. During the monitorization of imported embryonated eggs, no virus was detected from any of the samples. However, in some case, IPNV was isolated when testing the fry obtained in our laboratory from those samples of imported eggs. Our findings indicate that: i) the analysis of fingerlings increase the probability to detect viral infections allowing us an optimal control of importations, and ii) most of the viral infections of fish take place in the own fish farms. The detection of mixed viral and bacterial infections emphasize the importance of carrying out an integral microbiological analysis to determine the causal agent(s) of fish mortalities.
在一项为期三年的调查中，对来自20个农场的虹鳟、鲑鱼和大菱鲆的149个样本进行了病毒检测，目的是研究影响养殖鱼类的病毒感染及其在西班牙西北部养鱼场的发病率。传染性胰腺坏死病毒（IPNV）是从鲑科鱼类中分离出的唯一病毒病原体。鳟鱼的鱼苗和鱼种感染率最高（24%）。尽管从卵巢液、精液和幼年携带者中分离到了该病毒，但在亲鱼或受精卵中未检测到。在分析的24个鲑鱼样本中，仅在一个幼鱼样本中检测到IPNV。对大菱鲆的检测导致分离出一种属于呼肠孤病毒科的新病毒，该病毒影响生长中的鱼群。所有检测的IPNV均属于Sp血清型，无论鳟鱼种群的来源如何。在对进口受精卵的监测过程中，所有样本均未检测到病毒。然而，在某些情况下，对从这些进口卵样本在我们实验室获得的鱼苗进行检测时分离出了IPNV。我们的研究结果表明：i）对鱼种的分析增加了检测病毒感染的可能性，从而使我们能够对进口进行最佳控制；ii）大多数鱼类病毒感染发生在养鱼场自身。病毒和细菌混合感染情况的检测强调了进行全面微生物分析以确定鱼类死亡病因的重要性。
