Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2011 Oct;17(5):373-88. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2011.0041.
Biomaterials are native or synthetic polymers that act as carriers for drug delivery or scaffolds for tissue regeneration. When implanted in vivo, biomaterials should be nontoxic and exert intended functions. For tooth regeneration, biomaterials have primarily served as a scaffold for (1) transplanted stem cells and/or (2) recruitment of endogenous stem cells. This article critically synthesizes our knowledge of biomaterial use in tooth regeneration, including the selection of native and/or synthetic polymers, three-dimensional scaffold fabrication, stem cell transplantation, and stem cell homing. A tooth is a complex biological organ. Tooth loss represents the most common organ failure. Tooth regeneration encompasses not only regrowth of an entire tooth as an organ, but also biological restoration of individual components of the tooth including enamel, dentin, cementum, or dental pulp. Regeneration of tooth root represents perhaps more near-term opportunities than the regeneration of the whole tooth. In the adult, a tooth owes its biological vitality, arguably more, to the root than the crown. Biomaterials are indispensible for the regeneration of tooth root, tooth crown, dental pulp, or an entire tooth.
生物材料是天然或合成的聚合物，可作为药物输送的载体或组织再生的支架。当植入体内时，生物材料应该是无毒的，并发挥预期的功能。对于牙齿再生，生物材料主要用作（1）移植干细胞和/或（2）募集内源性干细胞的支架。本文批判性地综合了我们在牙齿再生中使用生物材料的知识，包括天然和/或合成聚合物的选择、三维支架的制造、干细胞的移植和干细胞归巢。牙齿是一种复杂的生物器官。牙齿缺失代表最常见的器官衰竭。牙齿再生不仅包括整个牙齿作为器官的再生，还包括牙齿各个组成部分的生物修复，包括牙釉质、牙本质、牙骨质或牙髓。牙根的再生可能比整颗牙齿的再生提供更多的近期机会。在成人中，牙齿的生命力可以说更多地归功于牙根而不是牙冠。生物材料对于牙根、牙冠、牙髓或整个牙齿的再生都是不可或缺的。
