RNA Therapeutics Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
RNA. 2011 Aug;17(8):1409-21. doi: 10.1261/rna.2733411. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
Translation of genetic information encoded in messenger RNAs into polypeptide sequences is carried out by ribosomes in all organisms. When a full protein is synthesized, a stop codon positioned in the ribosomal A site signals termination of translation and protein release. Translation termination depends on class I release factors. Recently, atomic-resolution crystal structures were determined for bacterial 70S ribosome termination complexes bound with release factors RF1 or RF2. In combination with recent biochemical studies, the structures resolve long-standing questions about translation termination. They bring insights into the mechanisms of recognition of all three stop codons, peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis, and coordination of stop-codon recognition with peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis. In this review, the structural aspects of these mechanisms are discussed.
核糖体在所有生物体中将信使 RNA 中编码的遗传信息翻译成多肽序列。当合成完整的蛋白质时，位于核糖体 A 位的终止密码子信号翻译和蛋白质释放的终止。翻译终止取决于 I 类释放因子。最近，已确定与释放因子 RF1 或 RF2 结合的细菌 70S 核糖体终止复合物的原子分辨率晶体结构。结合最近的生化研究，这些结构解决了关于翻译终止的长期存在的问题。它们深入了解了识别所有三个终止密码子、肽基 tRNA 水解以及终止密码子识别与肽基 tRNA 水解协调的机制。在这篇综述中，讨论了这些机制的结构方面。
